python核心编程答案（第十六章）

（一）网络提供的服务分两种: 面向连接的服务和无连接的服务. 

对于无连接的服务(邮寄), 发送信息的计算机把数据以一定的格式封装在帧中, 把目的地址和源地址加在信息头上, 然后把帧交给网络进行发送. 无连接服务是不可靠的. 

对于面向连接的服务(电话), 发送信息的源计算机必须首先与接收信息的目的计算机建立连接. 这种连接是通过三次握手(three hand shaking)的方式建立起来的. 一旦连接建立起来, 相互连接的计算机就可以进行数据交换. 与无连接服务不同, 面向连接的服务是以连接标识符来表示源地址和目的地址的. 面向连接的服务是可靠的, 当通信过程中出现问题时, 进行通信的计算机可以得到及时通知.
（二）
略
（三）
TCP
（四）
服务端
__author__ = 'longlong'
from socket import *
from time import ctime

HOST = raw_input('Please input your host:')   #注意主机名不能随便打，我小白。。。发现只有127.XX.XX.XX在本机可以正常使用
PORT = int(raw_input('Please input your port:'))
BUFSIZ = 1024
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

tcpSerSork = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSork.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSork.listen(5)

while True:
    print ('wait for connection...')
    tcpCliSork, addr = tcpSerSork.accept()
    print ('... connected from:', addr)

    while True:
        data = tcpCliSork.recv(BUFSIZ)
        if not data:
            break
        tcpCliSork.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data))
    tcpCliSork.close()
tcpSerSork.close()
客户端
__author__ = 'longlong'
from socket import *
HOST = raw_input('Please input your host:')  #注意主机名不能随便打，我小白。。。发现只有127.XX.XX.XX在本机可以正常使用
PORT = int(raw_input('Please input your port:'))
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
BUFSIZE = 1024
tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)

while True:
    data = raw_input('>')
    if not data:
        break
    tcpCliSock.send(data)
    data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE)
    if not data:
        break
    print data
tcpCliSock.close()
（五）
服务端：
__author__ = 'longlong'
import socket
HOST = ''
PORT = 23456
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(ADDR)
s.listen(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
print 'connect by', addr
while True:
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    print 'by:', data
    if not data:
        break
conn.close()
s.close()
客户端：
__author__ = 'longlong'
import socket
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 23456
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(ADDR)
while True:
    data = raw_input('Please input your data:')
    s.send(data)
    if not data:
        break
s.close()


进阶：
服务端：
__author__ = 'longlong'
import socket
import time
import os
HOST = ''
PORT = 23445
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(ADDR)
s.listen(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
print 'connect by', addr
while True:
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    if data == 'data':
        conn.send(time.ctime(time.time()))
        continue
    if data == 'os':
        conn.send(os.name)
        continue
    if data == 'ls':
        path = os.curdir
        conn.send(' '.join(os.listdir(path)))
        continue
    print 'by:', data
    if not data:
        break
conn.close()
s.close()
客户端：
__author__ = 'longlong'
import socket
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 23445
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(ADDR)
while True:
    data = raw_input('Please input your data:')
    if not data:
        break
    s.send(data)
    data = s.recv(1024)
    print data
s.close()
（六）
>>> import socket
>>> socket.getservbyname('daytime', 'udp')
13
(七)
服务端：
__author__ = 'longlong'
import socket

HOST = raw_input('Please a host name:')
PORT = input('Please input a port:')

ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(ADDR)
s.listen(1)
print ('wait for a connect...')
conn, addr = s.accept()
print 'connect from', addr
try:
    while True:
        data = conn.recv(1024)
        print '<', data
        data = raw_input('>')
        conn.send(data)
        if not data:
            break
except:
    print 'welcome use me next!'
    conn.close()
    s.close()
客户端：
__author__ = 'longlong'
import socket
HOST = raw_input('Please input a host name:')
PORT = input('Please input a port:')
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(ADDR)
try:
    while True:
        data = raw_input('>')
        if not data:
            break
        s.send(data)
        data = s.recv(1024)
        print '<', data
        if not data:
            break
except:
    print 'welcome use me next!'
    s.close()
（八）（九）（十）
全用多线程写，直接写最高级版本，
实现了各种连接各种聊天，暂时不能私聊。。。
只能群聊
客户端
__author__ = 'longlong'
import socket
import threading

outString = ''
inString = ''

HOST = raw_input('Please input your server\'s ip:')
nick = raw_input('Please input your nick:')
PORT = 9000
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(ADDR)
s.send(nick)


def dealOut(conn):
    global outString
    while True:
        outString = raw_input()
        outString = nick+':'+outString
        if not outString:
            return
        conn.send(outString)

def dealIn(conn):
    global inString
    while True:
        inString = conn.recv(1024)
        if not inString:
            return
        if inString != outString:
            print inString


threading.Thread(target=dealIn, args=(s, )).start()
threading.Thread(target=dealOut, args=(s, )).start()
服务端：
__author__ = 'longlong'
import socket
import sys
import threading

data = ''
con = threading.Condition()
HOST = raw_input('Please input your host name:')
PORT = 9000
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(ADDR)
s.listen(10)

def clientThreadIn(conn, nick):
    global data
    while True:
        try:
            temp = conn.recv(1024)
            if temp == nick+':'+'exit':
                conn.close()
            NotifyAll(temp)
        except:
            NotifyAll(nick+' leave the room')
            s.close()
            break


def NotifyAll(temp):
    global data
    if con.acquire():
        data = temp
        con.notifyAll()
        con.release()


def clientThreadOut(conn, nick):
    global data
    while True:
        if con.acquire():
            con.wait()
            if data:
                try:
                    conn.send(data)
                    con.release()
                except:
                    con.release()
                    return

while True:
    conn, addr = s.accept()
    nick = conn.recv(1024)
    print 'connent with', addr
    NotifyAll('welcome join us '+nick)
    conn.send(data)
    threading.Thread(target=clientThreadIn, args=(conn, nick)).start()
    threading.Thread(target=clientThreadOut, args=(conn, nick)).start()

（十一）
明天继续更新