RabbitMQ 使用 | 第三篇：发布/订阅模式

RabbitMQ 使用 | 第三篇：发布/订阅模式

大部分内容仅仅对官方教程进行了翻译，有些内容为了更简便进行了调整

在上两篇文章中，介绍了的RabbitMQ的消息收发模型都是发送的消息只能订阅一次，意思就是说，发布了消息之后，每一条消息只有一个订阅者能接收到该消息。发布/订阅模式是指发送消息，到某个队列，所有订阅了该队列的接受者都能接收到全部的消息。（类似观察者模式）

简介：

RabbitMQ中，所有生产者提交的消息都由Exchange来接受，然后Exchange按照特定的策略转发到Queue进行存储
RabbitMQ提供了四种Exchange：fanout,direct,topic,header

本节用到的Exchange是fanout，所以针对这种进行解释

• fanout这种模式不需要指定队列名称，需要将Exchange和queue绑定，他们之间的关系是‘多对多’的关系
  任何发送到fanout Exchange的消息都会被转发到与该Exchange绑定的queue上面。

发布/订阅模式就是是基于fanout Exchange实现的。

回顾一下之前使用的声明和发送消息代码：

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
String message = "Hello world";
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());


在前面的教程中，我们对Exchange一无所知，但是仍然能够发送消息，这是我们在使用默认的Exchange，我们用空字符串来标识 “”

channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());

第一个参数是Exchange的参数，这里使用了空字符串，标识使用默认的Exchange,消息会发送到指定的QUEUE_NAME

如果使用fanout Exchange需要改为以下代码：

//声明一个名为logs的类型为fanout的Exchange
channel.exchangeDeclare("logs", "fanout");
String message = "Hello World."
//对这个Exchange发送消息
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes());

接收的时候：

//声明一个名为logs的类型为fanout的Exchange
channel.exchangeDeclare("logs", "fanout");
//创建并获取一个队列名称
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//绑定队列到Exchange
channel.queueBind(queueName,”logs“, "");

System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                               AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
    }
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}

以上就是使用fanout Exchange的代码，全部代码贴出如下：

发送端：

public class Publisher {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv)
            throws java.io.IOException, TimeoutException {

        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");

        String[] messages =  new String[]{"First message.", "Second message..",
                "Third message...", "Fourth message....", "Fifth message....."};
        for (String message : messages) {
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("[x] Sent '" + message + "'");
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

接收端：

public class Subscriber {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");

        System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
    }
}

此时启动顺序有点需要注意，要先启动接收端，再启动发送端，我们启动3个Subscriber，然后运行Publisher。这个时候你会发现在Publisher控制台输出：

[x] Sent 'First message.'
[x] Sent 'Second message..'
[x] Sent 'Third message...'
[x] Sent 'Fourth message....'
[x] Sent 'Fifth message.....'

Process finished with exit code 0

然后在3个Subscriber控制台都能看到输出：

 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
 [x] Received 'First message.'
 [x] Received 'Second message..'
 [x] Received 'Third message...'
 [x] Received 'Fourth message....'
 [x] Received 'Fifth message.....'

这证明了每个Subscriber都能接受到完整的消息。