Head First 设计模式2 观察者模式

观察者模式：

1，观察者模式定义了对象之间一对多的关系
2，主题（也就是可观察者）用一个共同的接口来更新观察者
3，观察者和可观察者之间用松耦合方式结合，可观察者不知道观察者细节，只知道观察者实现了观察者接口
4，使用此模式你可以从被观察者处“推”或者“拉”数据，“推”的方式被认为更正确
5，有多个观察者时，不可以依赖特定的通知次序

设计原则

1，找出程序中变化的方面，然后将其和固定不变的方面相分离
2，针对接口编程，不针对实现编程

3，多用组合，少用继承

设计图：

代码实现：

1接口：

public interface Subject {
public void registerObserver(Observer o);
public void removeObserver(Observer o);
public void notifyObserver();
}

public interface Observer {
public void update(float temp,float humidity,float pressure);
}

public interface Observer {
public void update(float temp,float humidity,float pressure);
}

2接口实现

public class WeatherData implements Subject {
private ArrayList observers;//建立一个数组来存储观察者
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private float pressure;

public WeatherData(){
observers = new ArrayList();
}
//对观察者的注册和删除
@Override
public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
observers.add(o);
}
@Override
public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
int i = observers.indexOf(o);
if(i>=0){
observers.remove(i);
}
}
//这里是比较重要的，这是对观察者进行广播
@Override
public void notifyObserver() {
for(int i=0;i<observers.size();i++){
Observer obserrver = (Observer) observers.get(i);
//对观察者进行更新
obserrver.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
}
}
public void measurementsChanged(){
notifyObserver();
}
public void setMeasurements(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure){
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
this.temperature = temperature;
measurementsChanged();
}
}

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer,DisplayElement{


private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private Subject weatherData;
public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData){
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("Current conditions:" + temperature + " F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
}
@Override
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temp;
this.humidity = humidity;
display();
}
}

测试：

public class WeatherStation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
}
}