oc3

栈：局部变量,自动释放池

堆：对象，动态分配  //需管理内存

对象的基本结构：oc对象+引用计数器4个字节

对象被销毁，系统会向对象发送一条dealloc方法。

野指针、僵尸对象、retain返回对象本身。

谁retain alloc，谁release

- (void)setBook:(Book *)book {
    if(_book != book) {
        [_book release];
        _book = [book retain];
    }
}
@property (nonatomic, retain) Book *book;

- (void)dealloc {            
[_book release];
[super dealloc];
}

@property 不能再实现getter方法。
@property参数：retain,assign,
copy:release旧值，copy新值
readwrite,readonly,
nonatomic,atomic(默认)
@property (getter = we,setter = setWe:) intweight;
[p setWe:20] ; //更改方法名。
[p we];
//bool型
@property(getter = isRich) bool rich;
@property (nonatomic, assign) time_t/longtime;
循环引用解决方案：一端用retain,一端用assign;
@autoreleasepool {
    Person*p = [[[Person alloc] init] autorelease];
}
//autoreleasepool：适用于小型数据