[c++]类型转换

例子源于c++ primer

bool b=10; // b is true
bool b=-10;// b is true
bool b=0.0;// b is false
int i=10.2;// i is 10 truncated
int j=-10.2;//j is -10
undigned char c=-1; //assuming 8-bits char, c has value 255  255=-1%256
signed char c2=256; //asuuming 8-bits char, the value of c2 is undefined

unsigned int u=10;int i=-10;
cout<<u+i<<endl;// -10 converted to unsigned int first and then add to u, value is  2^32-10+10
cout<<u-40<<endl;// 
当写for循环依照从大到小的顺序从10递减输出到0时，如果使用unsigned会出问题
for(unsigned int i=10;i>=0;--i)  //因为是unsigned int --i不可能小于0，死循环
    cout<<i<<endl;
一种解决方式是用while
unsigned u=11;
while(u>0)   //0在undigned int 内 可以判断
{--u;
cout<<u<<endl;
}
参照while思路也可以写出for
for(unsigned int i=11;i>0;)
{
--i;
cout<<i<<endl;
}

//test
        bool b=-0.0;
        if(b)
        cout<<"b is true"<<endl;
        else 
        cout<<"b is false"<<endl;
        bool a=0e1;
        if(a)
        cout<<"a is true"<<endl;
        else 
        cout<<"a is false"<<endl;
        
        int i=-10.2;
        cout<<"i is "<<i<<endl;
        
        unsigned int u=10,u2=40;
        int t=40;
        
        long long temp=1;
        int times=32;
        while(times>0)
        {
            temp*=2;
            --times;
        }
        
        cout<<"2^32 is "<<temp<<endl;
        cout<<"u10-i40  "<<u-t<<endl;
        cout<<"u10-u40  "<<u-u2<<endl;
        cout<<"-40-u10  "<<-40-u<<endl;

结果：

b is false
a is false
i is -10
2^32 is 4294967296
u10-i40  4294967266
u10-u40  4294967266
-40-u10  4294967246

总结：

1. 如果非bool值赋给bool，如果转换为0(0.0，-0.0，0)则为false，否则是true

2. 如果负数赋给无符号的数，相当于对2^n取余数，n类型的位数决定,char 8 int 32

3. 如果将超过范围的数赋值给带符号的数，结果不确定  比如 int i=2^32; char ch=256;

4. 如果将带符号数与不带符号数混在一起，结果会转换为不带符号数  比如 -40-u10  本来为-50  世纪为2^32-50