Android 蓝牙

蓝牙是一种支持设备短距离传输数据的无线技术。android在2.0以后提供了这方面的支持。从查找蓝牙设备到能够相互通信要经过几个基本步骤(本机做为服务器):


1 .设置权限
在manifest中配置

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

2.启动蓝牙 首先要查看本机是否支持蓝牙,获取BluetoothAdapter蓝牙适配器对象

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); 
if(mBluetoothAdapter == null){ 
        //表明此手机不支持蓝牙  
        return; 

if(!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){ //蓝牙未开启,则开启蓝牙  
            Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); 
            startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); 

//......  
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){ 
       if(requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT){ 
              if(requestCode == RESULT_OK){ 
                   //蓝牙已经开启   
              } 
       } 
}
3。发现蓝牙设备
这里可以细分为几个方面
(1)使本机蓝牙处于可见(即处于易被搜索到状态),便于其他设备发现本机蓝牙

//使本机蓝牙在300秒内可被搜索  
private void ensureDiscoverable() { 
        if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != 
            BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) { 
            Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); 
            discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300); 
            startActivity(discoverableIntent); 
        } 
}
(2)查找已经配对的蓝牙设备,即以前已经配对过的设备

Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); 
if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) { 
    findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); 
    for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { 
        //device.getName() +" "+ device.getAddress());  
    } 
} else { 
    mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有找到已匹对的设备"); 
}
(3)通过mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();搜索设备,要获得此搜索的结果需要注册一个BroadcastReceiver来获取。先注册再获取信息,然后处理

//注册,当一个设备被发现时调用onReceive  
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); 
        this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); 
 
//当搜索结束后调用onReceive  
filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); 
        this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); 
//.......  
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { 
        @Override 
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { 
            String action = intent.getAction(); 
            if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)){ 
                 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); 
                  // 已经配对的则跳过  
                 if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { 
                      mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());  //保存设备地址与名字  
                 } 
            }else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {  //搜索结束  
                if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) { 
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有搜索到设备"); 
                } 
            } 
 
        } 
};
4.建立连接
查找到设备 后,则需要建立本机与其他设备之间的连接。一般用本机搜索其他蓝牙设备时,本机可以作为一个服务端,接收其他设备的连接。启动一个服务器端的线程,死循环等待客户端的连接,这与ServerSocket极为相似。这个线程在准备连接之前启动

//UUID可以看做一个端口号  
private static final UUID MY_UUID = 
        UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66"); 
   //像一个服务器一样时刻监听是否有连接建立  
    private class AcceptThread extends Thread{ 
        private BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket; 
         
        public AcceptThread(boolean secure){ 
            BluetoothServerSocket temp = null; 
            try { 
                temp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord( 
                            NAME_INSECURE, MY_UUID); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                  Log.e("app", "listen() failed", e); 
            } 
            serverSocket = temp; 
        } 
         
        public void run(){ 
            BluetoothSocket socket=null; 
            while(true){ 
                try { 
                    socket = serverSocket.accept(); 
                } catch (IOException e) { 
                     Log.e("app", "accept() failed", e); 
                     break; 
                } 
            } 
            if(socket!=null){ 
                //此时可以新建一个数据交换线程,把此socket传进去  
            } 
        } 
         
        //取消监听  
        public void cancel(){    
            try { 
                serverSocket.close(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                Log.e("app", "Socket Type" + socketType + "close() of server failed", e); 
            } 
        } 
 
}
搜索到设备后可以获取设备的地址,通过此地址获取一个BluetoothDeviced对象,可以看做客户端,通过此对象device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);同一个UUID可与服务器建立连接获取另一个socket对象,由此服务端与客户端各有一个socket对象,此时他们可以互相交换数据了。
创立客户端socket可建立线程

//另一个设备去连接本机,相当于客户端  
 private class ConnectThread extends Thread{ 
    private BluetoothSocket socket; 
    private BluetoothDevice device; 
    public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device,boolean secure){ 
        this.device = device; 
        BluetoothSocket tmp = null; 
        try { 
    tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID_SECURE); 
} catch (IOException e) { 
     Log.e("app", "create() failed", e); 

    } 
     
    public void run(){ 
        mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();    //取消设备查找  
        try { 
    socket.connect(); 
} catch (IOException e) { 
    try { 
        socket.close(); 
    } catch (IOException e1) { 
         Log.e("app", "unable to close() "+ 
                          " socket during connection failure", e1); 
    } 
    connetionFailed();  //连接失败  
    return; 

      //此时可以新建一个数据交换线程,把此socket传进去  
    } 
     
      public void cancel() { 
           try { 
               socket.close(); 
           } catch (IOException e) { 
               Log.e("app", "close() of connect  socket failed", e); 
           } 
       } 
 }
5.建立数据通信线程,进行读取数据

//建立连接后,进行数据通信的线程  
    private class ConnectedThread extends Thread{ 
        private BluetoothSocket socket; 
        private InputStream inStream; 
        private OutputStream outStream; 
         
        public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket){ 
             
            this.socket = socket; 
            try { 
                //获得输入输出流  
                inStream = socket.getInputStream(); 
                outStream = socket.getOutputStream(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                Log.e("app", "temp sockets not created", e); 
            } 
        } 
         
        public void run(){ 
            byte[] buff = new byte[1024]; 
            int len=0; 
            //读数据需不断监听,写不需要  
            while(true){ 
                try { 
                    len = inStream.read(buff); 
                    //把读取到的数据发送给UI进行显示  
                    Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ, 
                            len, -1, buff); 
                    msg.sendToTarget(); 
                } catch (IOException e) { 
                    Log.e("app", "disconnected", e); 
                    connectionLost();   //失去连接  
                    start();    //重新启动服务器  
                    break; 
                } 
            } 
        } 
         
         
        public void write(byte[] buffer) { 
            try { 
                outStream.write(buffer); 
 
                // Share the sent message back to the UI Activity  
                handler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer) 
                        .sendToTarget(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                Log.e("app", "Exception during write", e); 
            } 
        } 
 
        public void cancel() { 
            try { 
                socket.close(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                Log.e("app", "close() of connect socket failed", e); 
            } 
        } 
    }


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