【Hibernate】——二级缓存-环境搭建及示例

    Hibernate二级缓存

    二级缓存也称为进程级的缓存或者SessionFactory级的缓存，二级缓存可以被所有的session共享

    二级缓存的生命周期和sessionFactory的生命周期一致，SessionFactory可以管理二级缓存

    二级缓存的配置和使用

    1）将如下的ehcache.xml文件拷贝到src下：

<ehcache>

    <!-- Sets the path to the directory where cache .data files are created.

         If the path is a Java System Property it is replaced by
         its value in the running VM.

         The following properties are translated:
         user.home - User's home directory
         user.dir - User's current working directory
         java.io.tmpdir - Default temp file path -->
    <diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>


    <!--Default Cache configuration. These will applied to caches programmatically created through
        the CacheManager.

        The following attributes are required for defaultCache:

        maxInMemory       - Sets the maximum number of objects that will be created in memory
        eternal           - Sets whether elements are eternal. If eternal,  timeouts are ignored and the element
                            is never expired.
        timeToIdleSeconds - Sets the time to idle for an element before it expires. Is only used
                            if the element is not eternal. Idle time is now - last accessed time
        timeToLiveSeconds - Sets the time to live for an element before it expires. Is only used
                            if the element is not eternal. TTL is now - creation time
        overflowToDisk    - Sets whether elements can overflow to disk when the in-memory cache
                            has reached the maxInMemory limit.

        -->
    <defaultCache
        maxElementsInMemory="10000"
        eternal="false"
        timeToIdleSeconds="120"
        timeToLiveSeconds="120"
        overflowToDisk="true"
        />

    <!--Predefined caches.  Add your cache configuration settings here.
        If you do not have a configuration for your cache a WARNING will be issued when the
        CacheManager starts

        The following attributes are required for defaultCache:

        name              - Sets the name of the cache. This is used to identify the cache. It must be unique.
        maxInMemory       - Sets the maximum number of objects that will be created in memory
        eternal           - Sets whether elements are eternal. If eternal,  timeouts are ignored and the element
                            is never expired.
        timeToIdleSeconds - Sets the time to idle for an element before it expires. Is only used
                            if the element is not eternal. Idle time is now - last accessed time
        timeToLiveSeconds - Sets the time to live for an element before it expires. Is only used
                            if the element is not eternal. TTL is now - creation time
        overflowToDisk    - Sets whether elements can overflow to disk when the in-memory cache
                            has reached the maxInMemory limit.

        -->

    <!-- Sample cache named sampleCache1
        This cache contains a maximum in memory of 10000 elements, and will expire
        an element if it is idle for more than 5 minutes and lives for more than
        10 minutes.

        If there are more than 10000 elements it will overflow to the
        disk cache, which in this configuration will go to wherever java.io.tmp is
        defined on your system. On a standard Linux system this will be /tmp"
        -->
     <!--    
    <cache name="com.bjpowernode.hibernate.Student"
        maxElementsInMemory="100"
        eternal="false"
        timeToIdleSeconds="10000"
        timeToLiveSeconds="10000"
        overflowToDisk="true"
        />
 	-->
    <!-- Sample cache named sampleCache2
        This cache contains 1000 elements. Elements will always be held in memory.
        They are not expired. -->
    <cache name="sampleCache2"
        maxElementsInMemory="1000"
        eternal="true"
        timeToIdleSeconds="0"
        timeToLiveSeconds="0"
        overflowToDisk="false"
        /> -->

    <!-- Place configuration for your caches following -->

</ehcache>

    2）在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中加入缓存产品提供商

<!-- 配置缓存提供商 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider</property>

    3）在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中启用二级缓存，这也是他的默认配置

<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property>

    4）指定哪些实体类使用二级缓存

    a.可以在映射文件中采用<cache>标签制定

    b.在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中统一指定，如下：

<!-- 指定Student使用二级缓存-->
<class-cache class="com.bjpowernode.hibernate.Student" usage="read-only"/>

    注意使用的策略，通常采用 read-only和r ead-write

    缓存原则：通常读远远大于写的数据进行缓存。

    示例

package com.bjpowernode.hibernate;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.CacheMode;
import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

public class CacheTest extends TestCase {

	/**
	 * 开启二级缓存
	 * 
	 * 在两个session中发load查询
	 */
	public void testCache1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
			System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
		
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
			
			//不会发出查询语句，因为配置二级缓存，session可以共享二级缓存中的数据
			//二级缓存是进程级的缓存
			System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
		
	}		
	
	/**
	 * 开启二级缓存
	 *  
	 * 在两个session中发get查询
	 */
	public void testCache2() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			Student student = (Student)session.get(Student.class, 1);
			System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
		
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			Student student = (Student)session.get(Student.class, 1);
			
			//不会发出查询语句，因为配置二级缓存，session可以共享二级缓存中的数据
			//二级缓存是进程级的缓存
			System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
		
	}	
	
	/**
	 * 开启二级缓存
	 *  
	 * 在两个session中发load查询,采用SessionFactory管理二级缓存
	 */
	public void testCache3() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
			System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
		
		//管理二级缓存
		//HibernateUtils.getSessionFactory().evict(Student.class);
		HibernateUtils.getSessionFactory().evict(Student.class, 1);
		
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
			
			//会发出查询语句，因为二级缓存中的数据被清除了
			System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 开启二级缓存
	 *  
	 * 一级缓存和二级缓存的交互 
	 */
	public void testCache4() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			//禁止将一级缓存中的数据放到二级缓存中
			session.setCacheMode(CacheMode.IGNORE);
			Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
			System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}

		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);
			
			//会发出查询语句，因为禁止了一级缓存和二级缓存的交互
			System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 大批量的数据添加
	 */
	public void testCache5() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();
			
			//禁止一级缓存和二级缓存交互
			session.setCacheMode(CacheMode.IGNORE);
			for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {
				Student student = new Student();
				student.setName("张三" + i);
				session.save(student);
				//每20条更新一次
				if (i % 20 == 0) {
					session.flush();
					//清除缓存的内容
					session.clear();
				}
			}
			session.getTransaction().commit();
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}			
}

    二级缓存主要是缓存实体对象的。

    注意在大批量数据更新时，如果配置了二级缓存，建议禁用一级缓存和二级缓存的交互。