下面来介绍两种Struts和Spring集成的方法。
【第一种方案】
1.集成原理:在Action中取得BeanFactory,通过BeanFactory取得业务逻辑对象,如下图:
2.具体实践:
结构如下:
①spring和struts的依赖包配置
*struts
--拷贝struts和jstl的依赖包
--在web.xml文件中配置ActionServlet
--提供struts-config.xml文件
--提供国际化支持,提供缺省的国际化资源文件
*spring
--拷贝spring相关依赖包
--提供spring的配置文件
spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
<bean id="userManager" class="com.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager.UserManagerImpl"/>
</beans>
②在web.xml文件中配置ContextLoaderListener,让WebServer在启动的时候将
BeanFactory放到ServletContext中
web.xml代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- listener创建后根据以下配置文件创建BeanFactory,并放在Context中 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 通过listener,将BeanFactory放入到Context中 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
③建立相关的ActionForm、Action和Manager业务类
LoginActionForm类:
package com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.forms;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
public class LoginActionForm extends ActionForm {
private String username;
private String password;
// get和set略
}
LoginAction类:
package com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.actions;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
import com.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager.UserManager;
import com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.forms.LoginActionForm;
public class LoginAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
// 通过ActionForm获取用户名和密码
LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm) form;
String username = laf.getUsername();
String password = laf.getPassword();
// 通过工具包WebApplicationContextUtils,获取BeanFactory
BeanFactory factory = WebApplicationContextUtils
.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(request.getSession()
.getServletContext());
// 通过IOC容器,从applicationContext-beans.xml中获取业务逻辑对象
UserManager userManager = (UserManager) factory.getBean("userManager");
userManager.login(username, password);
// /struts-config.xml
return mapping.findForward("success");
}
}
业务类的实现类:
package com.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
@Override
public void login(String username, String password) {
System.out.println(this.getClass() + ",username=" + username);
}
}
④建立相应的JSP页面(login.jsp、login_success.jsp)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Spring+Struts(第一种集成方案)</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login.do" method="post">
用户:<input type="text" name="username"><br> 密码:<input
type="password" name="password"><br> <input
type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
⑤提供Struts的配置:
struts-config.xml代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="loginForm"
type="com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.forms.LoginActionForm" />
</form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<action path="/login" type="com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.actions.LoginAction"
name="loginForm" scope="request">
<forward name="success" path="/login_success.jsp" />
</action>
</action-mappings>
<message-resources parameter="MessageResources" />
</struts-config>
存在缺点:
因为Action中出现了依赖查找,所以Action依赖Spring的API
【第二种方案】
1. 集成原理:
让IOC容器查找UserManager的实现,查找完成之后再进行注入。所以我们需要在LoginAction中提供对应set方法。并且在配置文件中配置,将Action交给Spring创建,而不是在Struts中创建。如下:
2.具体实现:
①创建一个专门配置strutsAction的Spring配置文件,applicationContext-actions.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置bean时必须使用name属性,且name属性值必须和struts-config.xml文件中的<action>的path属性值一致 -->
<bean name="/login" class="com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.actions.LoginAction"
scope="prototype">
<property name="userManager" ref="userManager" />
</bean>
</beans>
②修改struts-config.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="loginForm"
type="com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.forms.LoginActionForm" />
</form-beans>
<!-- 更换struts创建的action,改为DelegatingActionProxy -->
<!-- DelegatingActionProxy被配置成Struts的action,所有的请求先被ActionServlet拦截, -->
<!-- 然后将请求转发到对应的action,最后由DelegatingActionProxy将请求转发给Spring容器的bean -->
<action-mappings>
<action path="/login"
type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" name="loginForm"
scope="request">
<forward name="success" path="/login_success.jsp" />
</action>
</action-mappings>
<message-resources parameter="MessageResources" />
</struts-config>
③修改LoginAction类:
package com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.actions;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import com.bjpowernode.usermgr.manager.UserManager;
import com.bjpowernode.usermgr.web.forms.LoginActionForm;
public class LoginAction extends Action {
private UserManager userManager;
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm)form;
String username = laf.getUsername();
String password = laf.getPassword();
userManager.login(username, password);
return mapping.findForward("success");
}
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.userManager = userManager;
}
}
分析:DelegatingActionProxy的好处就在于你可以用不用任何spring特定的类编写StrutsAction,这个方法也有不足之处,就是不太直观,因为所有路径都映射到同一个类了。