EclipseLink学习（三）--- 一对多映射

    在JPA的规范中，对于一对多可以有两种解释：OneToMany(一对多)；ManyToOne(多对一)。其实这两个解释也就是看问题的角度不同而已，原理都是一样的。

 

应用场景：学生和公寓，从学生角度来看就是多对一；从公寓角度来看就是一对多。

ManyToOne:

 

学生实体：

package model;   import javax.persistence.CascadeType; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; import javax.persistence.Table;   @Entity @Table(name="Student") public class Student {   @Id @Column(name="id")     private int id; @Column(name="name")     private String name; @Column(name="sex")     private String sex;        @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)      @JoinColumn(name="Dept_Id") //设定映射名称（外键）为Dept_Id     private Department department;   public int getId() { return id; }   public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; }   public String getName() { return name; }   public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }   public String getSex() { return sex; }   public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; }   public Department getDepartment() { return department; }   public void setDepartment(Department department) { this.department = department; } }

 

公寓实体：

package model;   import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table;   @Entity  @Table(name="Department") public class Department {   @Id      @Column(name="id")      @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)  //自增       private long id;            @Column(name="name")      private String name;   public long getId() { return id; }   public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; }   public String getName() { return name; }   public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }    }

 

修改xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <persistence xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence       http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"      version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence">      <persistence-unit name="EmployeeService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">          <!-- <class>model.PersonInformation</class>  -->        <!--  <class>model.Person</class> -->        <!-- <class>model.Employee2</class>        <class>model.FamilyAddress2</class> -->        <class>model.Student</class>        <class>model.Department</class>         <properties>              <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />              <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"                  value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.81.129:3306/simpleDb" />              <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root" />              <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="root" />                <!-- EclipseLink should create the database schema automatically -->              <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation" value="create-tables" />              <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation.output-mode"                  value="database" />          </properties>      </persistence-unit>  </persistence>

 

测试类如下：

package main;   import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory; import javax.persistence.Persistence;   import model.Department; import model.Student;     public class StudentTest { private static final String PERSISTENCE_UNIT_NAME = "EmployeeService";      private static EntityManagerFactory factory;            public static void main(String[] args) {          factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(                  PERSISTENCE_UNIT_NAME);          EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();         //保证事务         em.getTransaction().begin();                  Student student =new Student();         student.setName("David");         student.setSex("女");                         Department department =new Department();         department.setName("孔子学院学生公寓");                 student.setDepartment(department);         em.persist(student);          em.getTransaction().commit();          em.close();      }  }

 

运行结果如下：

 

 

 

可以看到在学生表中有一个公寓表的外键

 

 

OneToMany:

学生实体：

package model;   import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table;   @Entity @Table(name="Student2") public class Student2 {   @Id @Column(name="id")     private int id; @Column(name="name")     private String name; @Column(name="sex")     private String sex;          public int getId() { return id; }   public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; }   public String getName() { return name; }   public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }   public String getSex() { return sex; }   public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; }}

 

公寓实体

package model;   import java.util.List;   import javax.persistence.CascadeType; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.FetchType; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.OneToMany; import javax.persistence.Table;   @Entity  @Table(name="Department2") public class Department2 {   @Id      @Column(name="id")      @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)      private long id;            @Column(name="name")      private String name;           @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.LAZY)      @JoinColumn(name="Dep_Id")  //student表里公寓的外键名称     private List<Student2> student2s;          public long getId() { return id; }   public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; }   public String getName() { return name; }   public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }   public List<Student2> getStudent2s() { return student2s; }   public void setStudent2s(List<Student2> student2s) { this.student2s = student2s; }     }

 

测试类

package main;   import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List;   import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory; import javax.persistence.Persistence;   import model.Department; import model.Department2; import model.Student; import model.Student2;     public class StudentTest { private static final String PERSISTENCE_UNIT_NAME = "EmployeeService";      private static EntityManagerFactory factory;            public static void main(String[] args) {          factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(                  PERSISTENCE_UNIT_NAME);          EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();         //保证事务         em.getTransaction().begin();                  /*Student student =new Student();         student.setName("David");         student.setSex("女");                         Department department =new Department();         department.setName("孔子学院学生公寓");                 student.setDepartment(department);         */         Student2 student2 =new Student2();         student2.setName("David");         student2.setSex("女");         List<Student2> list =new ArrayList<>();         list.add(student2);                 Department2 department2 =new Department2();         department2.setName("孔子学院学生公寓");         department2.setStudent2s(list);                         em.persist(department2);  //因为在department2的实体中设置了student2的cascade                                                   //注解属性所以直接保存department2就可以同时保存student2         em.getTransaction().commit();          em.close();      }  }

 

运行结果

 

 

四张图片对比，发现不论是用manyToOne注解还是OneToMany注解，最后生成的表示一样的。