Scons构建C++项目

旧博文，搬到 csdn
原文：http://rebootcat.com/2020/08/30/scons/

前言

我是一个 linux c++ 开发者，但是一直对 Makefile 的语法很是头痛，每次都记不住，所以每次写 Makefile 都很痛苦，Makefile 里需要你自己编写依赖和推导规则，这个过程能不能简单点呢？

对于编译一个 C++ 工程来说，也许需要的就是头文件路径、库路径、编译参数，剩下的东西基本也不重要，这三样足够去编译一个工程了。所以有没有一个工具能简单点的去实现 C++ 项目的构建呢？

答案是有的，Scons 就是答案。

Scons

什么是 scons

这里直接引用官网的解释：

What is SCons?

SCons is an Open Source software construction tool—that is, a next-generation build tool. Think of SCons as an improved, cross-platform substitute for the classic Make utility with integrated functionality similar to autoconf/automake and compiler caches such as ccache. In short, SCons is an easier, more reliable and faster way to build software.

What makes SCons better?

• Configuration files are Python scripts–use the power of a real programming language to solve build problems.
• Reliable, automatic dependency analysis built-in for C, C++ and Fortran–no more “make depend” or “make clean” to get all of the dependencies. Dependency analysis is easily extensible through user-defined dependency Scanners for other languages or file types.
• Built-in support for C, C++, D, Java, Fortran, Yacc, Lex, Qt and SWIG, and building TeX and LaTeX documents. Easily extensible through user-defined Builders for other languages or file types.
• Building from central repositories of source code and/or pre-built targets.
• Built-in support for fetching source files from SCCS, RCS, CVS, BitKeeper and Perforce.
• Built-in support for Microsoft Visual Studio .NET and past Visual Studio versions, including generation of .dsp, .dsw, .sln and .vcproj files.
• Reliable detection of build changes using MD5 signatures; optional, configurable support for traditional timestamps.
• Improved support for parallel builds–like make -j but keeps N jobs running simultaneously regardless of directory hierarchy.
• Integrated Autoconf-like support for finding #include files, libraries, functions and typedefs.
• Global view of all dependencies–no more multiple build passes or reordering targets to build everything.
• Ability to share built files in a cache to speed up multiple builds–like ccache but for any type of target file, not just C/C++ compilation.
• Designed from the ground up for cross-platform builds, and known to work on Linux, other POSIX systems (including AIX, BSD systems, HP/UX, IRIX and Solaris), Windows NT, Mac OS X, and OS/2.

最大特点就是使用 Python 语法来编写编译构建脚本，并且支持依赖自动推导，支持编译 C/C++/D/Java/Fortran等项目，并且是跨平台的(因为 python 是跨平台的）。

所以如果你对 python 熟悉的话，而且你和我对 C++ Makefile 有一样的烦恼，那么这对你将是一个好消息。 你将可以用 python 来编写构建脚本，而且会很简单，对于复杂的大型项目也能快速构建好。（也