在mac上编译cpp文件出现连接器报错问题（gcc vs g++）

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-21 18:02:19 发布

wukangjie

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-21 18:02:19 发布

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文章标签：编译器 C++

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013057721/article/details/123678554

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一、背景

由于在不同操作系统上学习和使用C++时，环境不同，操作结果会产生差异。

我在mac上写了一个最简单的 c++ 程序，源码如下：

/* hello.cpp*/
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    std::cout << "hello world" << std::endl;
    return(0);
}%

编译代码：gcc hello.cpp

编译时报错，报错如下

二、报错信息

jie@A-MacBookPro c-test % gcc hello.cpp
Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
  "std::__1::locale::use_facet(std::__1::locale::id&) const", referenced from:
      std::__1::ctype<char> const& std::__1::use_facet<std::__1::ctype<char> >(std::__1::locale const&) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::ios_base::getloc() const", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ios<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::widen(char) const in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::__init(unsigned long, char)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::basic_string(unsigned long, char) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()", referenced from:
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> > std::__1::__pad_and_output<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >, char const*, char const*, char const*, std::__1::ios_base&, char) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::put(char)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::endl<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::flush()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::endl<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::sentry(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::~sentry()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::cout", referenced from:
      _main in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::ctype<char>::id", referenced from:
      std::__1::ctype<char> const& std::__1::use_facet<std::__1::ctype<char> >(std::__1::locale const&) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::locale::~locale()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ios<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::widen(char) const in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::ios_base::__set_badbit_and_consider_rethrow()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::__1::ios_base::clear(unsigned int)", referenced from:
      std::__1::ios_base::setstate(unsigned int) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "std::terminate()", referenced from:
      ___clang_call_terminate in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "___cxa_begin_catch", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in hello-3ecbb1.o
      ___clang_call_terminate in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "___cxa_call_unexpected", referenced from:
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::failed() const in hello-3ecbb1.o
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::ostreambuf_iterator(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "___cxa_end_catch", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in hello-3ecbb1.o
  "___gxx_personality_v0", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in hello-3ecbb1.o
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> > std::__1::__pad_and_output<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >, char const*, char const*, char const*, std::__1::ios_base&, char) in hello-3ecbb1.o
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::failed() const in hello-3ecbb1.o
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::ostreambuf_iterator(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) in hello-3ecbb1.o
      std::__1::basic_ios<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::widen(char) const in hello-3ecbb1.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

大致提示是 ld链接代码有问题：ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64

三、解决方案

换成：g++ hello.cpp

四、原因

4.1 首先看下gcc 和 g++ 的版本

gcc版本

jie@A-MacBookPro c-test % gcc --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple clang version 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.3)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin21.2.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin

g++版本

jie@A-MacBookPro c-test % g++ --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple clang version 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.3)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin21.2.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin

从以上两个命令的版本信息结果看出，输出结果都是一样的。那为什么会出现使用gcc 报错，g++又可以的。这就要从gcc的历史说起。

gcc时GNU开发的针对c的编译器，刚开始只支持编译c代码，随着gcc的发展愈发强大，后面gcc也支持编译c++、Objective-c和java等，在编译时需要通过设定参数指定编译的语言。所以后来，gcc默认编译的是c代码。把参数给用户设置显然没有那么友好，于是就专门针对c++ 开发了g++编译器。

所以gcc是一个编译器集合，而g++是针对c++的编译器。

因此，想要使用gcc编译c++的代码需要加上参数 -lstdc++ 指令即可。

例：gcc -lstdc++ hello.cpp

说明：-l 表示链接 std c++标准库。

wukangjie

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在mac上编译cpp文件出现连接器报错问题（gcc vs g++）

一、背景由于在不同操作系统上学习和使用C++时，环境不同，操作结果会产生差异。我在mac上写了一个最简单的 c++ 程序，源码如下： /* hello.cpp*/#include <iostream>int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ std::cout << "hello world" << std::endl; return(0);}% 编译代码：gcc hello.cpp编译时
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