1、三种获取class的方式
package com.oliver.demo.reflect;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student();
Class stuClass = student.getClass();
System.out.println(stuClass.getName());
Class stuClass2 = Student.class;
System.out.println(stuClass2);
System.out.println(stuClass == stuClass2);
try {
Class stuClass3 = Class.forName("com.oliver.demo.reflect.Student");
System.out.println(stuClass3);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2、构造函数
package com.oliver.demo.reflect;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
public class MainConstructor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.oliver.demo.reflect.Student");
// get all PUBLIC constructors
Constructor[] conArray = clazz.getConstructors();
for(Constructor con : conArray){
System.out.println(con);
}
// get all constructors
conArray = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
for(Constructor con : conArray){
System.out.println(con);
}
System.out.println("*****************获取公有、无参的构造方法*******************************");
Constructor con = clazz.getConstructor(null);
System.out.println("con = " + con);
Object obj = con.newInstance();
System.out.println("******************获取私有构造方法,并调用*******************************");
con = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(char.class);
System.out.println(con);
//调用构造方法
con.setAccessible(true);//暴力访问(忽略掉访问修饰符)
obj = con.newInstance('男');
}
}
3、成员变量
package com.oliver.demo.reflect;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
/*
* 获取成员变量并调用:
*
* 1.批量的
* 1).Field[] getFields():获取所有的"公有字段"
* 2).Field[] getDeclaredFields():获取所有字段,包括:私有、受保护、默认、公有;
* 2.获取单个的:
* 1).public Field getField(String fieldName):获取某个"公有的"字段;
* 2).public Field getDeclaredField(String fieldName):获取某个字段(可以是私有的)
*
* 设置字段的值:
* Field --> public void set(Object obj,Object value):
* 参数说明:
* 1.obj:要设置的字段所在的对象;
* 2.value:要为字段设置的值;
*
*/
public class MainField {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
//1.获取Class对象
Class stuClass = Class.forName("com.oliver.demo.reflect.Student");
//2.获取字段
System.out.println("************获取所有公有的字段********************");
Field[] fieldArray = stuClass.getFields();
for(Field f : fieldArray){
System.out.println(f);
}
System.out.println("************获取所有的字段(包括私有、受保护、默认的)********************");
fieldArray = stuClass.getDeclaredFields();
for(Field f : fieldArray){
System.out.println(f);
}
Field f = stuClass.getField("name");
System.out.println(f);
//获取一个对象
Object obj = stuClass.getConstructor().newInstance();//产生Student对象--》Student stu = new Student();
//为字段设置值
f.set(obj, "刘德华");//为Student对象中的name属性赋值--》stu.name = "刘德华"
//验证
Student stu = (Student)obj;
System.out.println("验证姓名:" + stu.name);
System.out.println("**************获取私有字段****并调用********************************");
f = stuClass.getDeclaredField("phoneNum");
System.out.println(f);
f.setAccessible(true);//暴力反射,解除私有限定
f.set(obj, "18888889999");
System.out.println("验证电话:" + stu);
}
}
4、成员方法
package com.oliver.demo.reflect;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/*
* 获取成员方法并调用:
*
* 1.批量的:
* public Method[] getMethods():获取所有"公有方法";(包含了父类的方法也包含Object类)
* public Method[] getDeclaredMethods():获取所有的成员方法,包括私有的(不包括继承的)
* 2.获取单个的:
* public Method getMethod(String name,Class<?>... parameterTypes):
* 参数:
* name : 方法名;
* Class ... : 形参的Class类型对象
* public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name,Class<?>... parameterTypes)
*
* 调用方法:
* Method --> public Object invoke(Object obj,Object... args):
* 参数说明:
* obj : 要调用方法的对象;
* args:调用方式时所传递的实参;
):
*/
public class MainMethod {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.获取Class对象
Class stuClass = Class.forName("com.oliver.demo.reflect.Student");
//2.获取所有公有方法
System.out.println("***************获取所有的”公有“方法*******************");
stuClass.getMethods();
Method[] methodArray = stuClass.getMethods();
for(Method m : methodArray){
System.out.println(m);
}
System.out.println("***************获取所有的方法,包括私有的*******************");
methodArray = stuClass.getDeclaredMethods();
for(Method m : methodArray){
System.out.println(m);
}
System.out.println("***************获取公有的show1()方法*******************");
Method m = stuClass.getMethod("show1", String.class);
System.out.println(m);
//实例化一个Student对象
Object obj = stuClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
m.invoke(obj, "刘德华");
System.out.println("***************获取私有的show4()方法******************");
m = stuClass.getDeclaredMethod("show4", int.class);
System.out.println(m);
m.setAccessible(true);//解除私有限定
Object result = m.invoke(obj, 20);//需要两个参数,一个是要调用的对象(获取有反射),一个是实参
System.out.println("返回值:" + result);
System.out.println("***************反射 MAIN 方法******************");
//2、获取main方法
Method methodMain = stuClass.getMethod("main", String[].class);//第一个参数:方法名称,第二个参数:方法形参的类型,
//3、调用main方法
// methodMain.invoke(null, new String[]{"a","b","c"});
//第一个参数,对象类型,因为方法是static静态的,所以为null可以,第二个参数是String数组,这里要注意在jdk1.4时是数组,jdk1.5之后是可变参数
//这里拆的时候将 new String[]{"a","b","c"} 拆成3个对象。。。所以需要将它强转。
methodMain.invoke(null, (Object)new String[]{"a","b","c"});//方式一
// methodMain.invoke(null, new Object[]{new String[]{"a","b","c"}});//方式二
}
}
5、反射的应用
package com.oliver.demo.reflect;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Properties;
public class MainUsage_1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class clazz = Class.forName(getValue("className"));
Method method = clazz.getMethod(getValue("methodName"), String.class);
method.invoke(clazz.getConstructor().newInstance(),"12");
}
private static String getValue(String key) throws IOException {
Properties properties = new Properties();
FileReader fr = new FileReader("E:\\Code\\src\\main\\java\\pro.txt");
properties.load(fr);
fr.close();
return properties.getProperty(key);
}
}
package com.oliver.demo.reflect;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class MainUsage_2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
ArrayList<String> strList = new ArrayList<>();
strList.add("aaa");
strList.add("bbb");
Class listClass = strList.getClass();
Method method = listClass.getMethod("add", Object.class);
method.invoke(strList, 100);
//遍历集合
for(Object obj : strList){
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
}
6、辅助类Student
package com.oliver.demo.reflect;
public class Student {
//**********字段*************//
public String name;
protected int age;
char sex;
private String phoneNum;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex
+ ", phoneNum=" + phoneNum + "]";
}
Student(String str){
System.out.println("defalut constructor, str = " + str);
}
public Student(){
System.out.println("No parameter constructor.");
}
public Student(char name){
System.out.println("One parameter constructor, name =" + name );
}
public Student(String name1, String name2){
System.out.println("One parameter constructor, name =" + name1 + "," + name2 );
}
protected Student(boolean n){
System.out.println("Protected constructor.");
}
private Student(int age){
System.out.println("Private constructor.");
}
public void show1(String s){
System.out.println("调用了:公有的,String参数的show1(): s = " + s);
}
protected void show2(){
System.out.println("调用了:受保护的,无参的show2()");
}
void show3(){
System.out.println("调用了:默认的,无参的show3()");
}
private String show4(int age){
System.out.println("调用了,私有的,并且有返回值的,int参数的show4(): age = " + age);
return "abcd";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main方法执行了。。。");
}
}