centos6.5 安装postgresql9.4

1.下载安装包

从Postgres官方网站下载postgresql-9.6.1-1-Linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz安装包

2.创建用户

创建Postgres用户：

useradd postgres                                                                                                                                                                         passwd postgres(postgres)
 
 
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3.解压

为了保证我们使用postgres用户安装完成后其他用户也能使用，我们采用root用户解压安装包到/usr目录中，再将相应目录的权限改回postgres

su
cd /data/soft/postgres/
tar -zxvf postgresql-9.6.1-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz -C /usr
 
 
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4.更改目录权限

切换到/usr目录，找到刚才解压的pgsql文件夹，将pasql文件夹的所有者改回postgres

chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/pgsql
 
 
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5.建立数据目录

在/opt目录下建立postgres的数据目录，并更改文件夹所有者为postgres

cd /opt 
mkdir postgres
cd postgres
mkdir 9.6
cd 9.6
mkdir data
cd /opt
chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/postgres
 
 
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如果后期忘记了posgresql安装到什么目录了，可以通过查找pg_hba.conf,来定位postgresql的位置

添加PG_HOME和PGDATA环境变量

vim ~/.bash_profile
export PG_HOME=/usr/pgsql
export PGDATA=/opt/postgres/9.6/data
export PATH=$PATH:$PG_HOME/bin

 
 
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6.初始化数据库

切换到postgres用户，初始化数据库

find . -name initdb
su - postgres
/usr/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data
 
 
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执行完成后结果如下：

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /opt/postgres/9.6/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

/usr/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data -l logfile start
 
 
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如果想对postgres进行配置，可以编辑如下文件：

cd /opt/postgres/9.6/data
vim postgresql.conf
 
 
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7.启动数据库

先创建日志目录

cd /opt/postgres/9.6/
mkdir logs
 
 
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启动数据库：

/usr/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data -l /opt/postgres/9.6/logs/postgres.log start
 
 
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查看服务是否启动成功

ps -ef | grep postgres
 
 
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当看到类似下面的结果时，说明服务启动成功了

[postgres@hadoop1 9.6]$ ps -ef | grep postgres
root       3659   3644  0 09:46 pts/1    00:00:00 su - postgres
postgres   3660   3659  0 09:46 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
root       4056   3751  0 10:15 pts/1    00:00:00 su - postgres
postgres   4057   4056  0 10:15 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
postgres   4946      1  0 10:26 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data
postgres   4948   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process                   
postgres   4949   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: writer process                         
postgres   4950   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process                     
postgres   4951   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process            
postgres   4952   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process                
postgres   5560   4057  0 10:30 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
postgres   5561   4057  0 10:30 pts/1    00:00:00 grep postgres
 
 
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调用如下命令查看postgres服务：

service --status-all | grep postgres
 
 
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然后发现并没有结果，因此需要将postgresql注册到服务列表

8.修改postgres用户的访问密码并测试建库建表

PostgreSQL 数据库默认会创建一个postgres的数据库用户作为数据库的管理员，默认密码为空，我们需要修改为指定的密码，这里设定为’postgres’ 
直接在控制台输入以下命令：

su - postgres
psql
# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';
# select * from pg_shadow ;
# create database project;
# \c project

project=# create table person(id integer, name text);
project=# insert into person values (1, 'jimmy');
project=# select * from person
 
 
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可以看到我们刚才插入的那条数据

9.将postgresql-9.6添加到服务列表

su root
cd /etc/init.d/
touch postgresql-9.6
vim postgresql-9.6
 
 
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添加以下内容：

#! /bin/sh

# chkconfig: 2345 98 02
# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS

# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such
# as is used on Linux systems.  You should edit some of the variables
# and maybe the 'echo' commands.
#
# Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to
#   /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql
# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:
# chkconfig --add postgresql
#
# Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock
# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network
# settings, so you should treat this with care.

# Original author:  Ryan Kirkpatrick <pgsql@rkirkpat.net>

# contrib/start-scripts/linux

## EDIT FROM HERE

# Installation prefix
prefix=/usr/pgsql

# Data directory
PGDATA="/opt/postgres/9.6/data/"

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")
PGUSER=postgres

# Where to keep a log file
PGLOG="/opt/postgres/9.6/logs/postgres.log"

# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the
# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because
# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  To do that, uncomment these
# three lines:
#PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adj
#PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000
#PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0
# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead
# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except for having a different
# range of scores.  For such a system, uncomment these three lines instead:
#PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_adj
#PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-17
#PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0

## STOP EDITING HERE

# The path that is to be used for the script
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait
# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.
# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)
DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"

# What to use to shut down the postmaster
PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"

set -e

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.
test -x $DAEMON ||
{
    echo "$DAEMON not found"
    if [ "$1" = "stop" ]
    then exit 0
    else exit 5
    fi
}

# If we want to tell child processes to adjust their OOM scores, set up the
# necessary environment variables.  Can't just export them through the "su".
if [ -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" -a -n "$PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" ]
then
    DAEMON_ENV="PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=$PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ"
fi


# Parse command line parameters.
case $1 in
  start)
    echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "
    test -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" && echo "$PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE"
    su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON_ENV $DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
    echo "ok"
    ;;
  stop)
    echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "
    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"
    echo "ok"
    ;;
  restart)
    echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "
    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"
    test -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" && echo "$PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE"
    su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON_ENV $DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
    echo "ok"
    ;;
  reload)
        echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "
        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"
        echo "ok"
        ;;
  status)
    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"
    ;;
  *)
    # Print help
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

 
 
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需要根据安装路径修改配置中相应的路径信息 
接着就可以使用service postgresql-9.6 start/stop/status来操作postgresql的启停了

10.把postgresql加入自启动列表

cd /etc/init.d
chkconfig --add postgresql-9.6
 
 
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查看一下自启动列表

chkconfig --list
 
 
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在这里可以看到postgresq-9.6已经在其中了。

11.配置postgresql允许远程访问

只需要修改data目录下的pg_hba.conf和postgresql.conf这两个文件： 
pg_hba.conf：配置对数据库的访问权限； 
postgresql.conf：配置PostgreSQL数据库服务器的相应的参数

11.1修改pg_hba.conf

vim /opt/postgres/9.6/data/pg_hba.conf
 
 
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在IPV4中添加下面那一行内容

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0                   md5
#表示允许任意网段的任意机器通过密码验证的方式访问到该数据库
 
 
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重新加载postgresql配置文件（可选）：

su - postgres
pg_ctl reload
 
 
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11.2修改postgresql.conf

vim /opt/postgres/9.6/data/postgresql.conf
 
 
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定位到listen_addresses，并将localhost改为*

listen_addresses = '*'           # what IP address(es) to listen on;
 
 
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注：修改完配置后需要重新启动postgresql远程连接才能生效 
至此，postgresql的安装和配置已经全部完成