python封装与私有化简单介绍

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
封装（Encapsulation）是对对象（object）的一种抽象，即将某些部分隐藏起来，在程序外部看不到，无法调用
封装离不开私有化，私有化是指将某个对象限定在某个自己认定的范围内
私有化的方法：将准备私有化的属性对象前面加双下划线
"""

class Encap:
    def __init__(self,name,age):
        self.name=name          #公有化属性name
        self.__age=age          #私有化属性age
    
    def __f1(self):     #私有化方法
        print(self.name," by private method f1")
        print(self.__age," by private method f1")
    
    def f2(self):       #公有化方法
        print(self.name," by public method f2")
        print(self.__age," by public method f2")
    
    def f3(self):
        print(self.__age,"by f3")
        self.__f1()
        

if __name__=="__main__":
    e=Encap("as",12)
    print(e.name)
    #print(e.__age) 报错AttributeError: 'Encap' object has no attribute '__age'，__age是私有成员，外部对象无法访问
    
    #e.__f1()  报错AttributeError: 'Encap' object has no attribute '__f1'
    e.f2()
    e.f3()   #可以通过f3()内部调用__f1()

实验运行结果：

as
as  by public method f2
12  by public method f2
12 by f3
as  by private method f1
12  by private method f1