springcloud+Feign服务调用

springcloud+Feign服务调用

1.简介

之前我们在搭建Ribbon负载均衡的时候，服务调用采用的RestTemplate。

相关链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013071014/article/details/111361176

@RequestMapping(path = "/getConsumer", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String getConsumer() {
		String result = restTemp.getForObject("http://springcloud-provider1/provider/getProvider", String.class);
		return result;
	}

访问URL是采用字符串拼接的方式，但是如果input 参数有很多，拼接起来就相当麻烦。

使用Feign可以简化服务调用。

2.Feign的使用

2.1.前置工作

1.Eureka server

https://blog.csdn.net/u013071014/article/details/111031306

2.服务提供者

https://blog.csdn.net/u013071014/article/details/111361176

2.2.Feign的配置

1.在parent项目右键，New—> Maven Module，名称命名为springcloud-consumer2

2.在springcloud-consumer2 的pom.xml文件中新增依赖

<packaging>jar</packaging>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 
   	OpenFeign在Feign的基础上支持了Spring MVC的注解，如@RequesMapping等等。
   	OpenFeign的@FeignClient可以解析SpringMVC的@RequestMapping注解下的接口
   -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

3.配置application.yml

server:
  port: 8092

4.在主启动类加上 @EnableFeignClients注解，开启Spring Cloud Feign的支持功能 。

package com.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class SpringCloudConsumerApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudConsumerApplication.class, args);
	}

}

5.创建接口，添加@FeignClient注解，name属性为服务提供者的服务名

package com.springcloud.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@FeignClient(name = "springcloud-provider1")
public interface ProviderFeignClient {

	@RequestMapping(value = "/provider/getProvider", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String getProvider();
}

6.创建controller

package com.springcloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.springcloud.service.ProviderFeignClient;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {

	@Autowired
	private ProviderFeignClient providerFeignClient;
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/getConsumer", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String getConsumer() {
		return this.providerFeignClient.getProvider();
	}
}

7.启动eureka server，三个provider和consumer2，访问api测试

多次call API访问，我们会发现返回结果以轮询的方式出现。事实如此， Feign 中本身已经集成了Ribbon依赖和自动配置，因此我们不需要额外引入依赖，也不需要再注册RestTemplate 对象。

8.代码结构

3.Feign + Hystrix

1.在springcloud-consumer2的pom.xml文件中新增依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.修改springcloud-consumer2的application.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 8092

# 开启Feign的Hystrix支持，默认是false  
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

3.在主启动类添加@EnableHystrix注解

package com.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class SpringCloudConsumerApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudConsumerApplication.class, args);
	}

}

4.新建一个类，实现FeignClient接口或FallbackFactory接口。使用FallbackFactory的好处在于可以获取到触发断路器的异常信息。下面我们以FallbackFactory为例。

package com.springcloud.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import feign.hystrix.FallbackFactory;

@Component
public class ProviderFeignClientFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<ProviderFeignClient>{

	@Override
	public ProviderFeignClient create(Throwable cause) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new ProviderFeignClient() {
			
			@Override
			public String getProvider() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				return "发生熔断!!! 异常信息: " + cause.getMessage();
			}
		};
	}

}

5.修改FeignClient接口，在属性中加上FallbackFactory处理类

package com.springcloud.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@FeignClient(name = "springcloud-provider1", fallbackFactory = ProviderFeignClientFallbackFactory.class)
public interface ProviderFeignClient {

	@RequestMapping(value = "/provider/getProvider", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String getProvider();
}

6.启动eureka server，provider和consumer2，访问api返回正常

7.为了方便测试异常捕获，我们将provider 抛出一个异常，再次call API测试

package com.springcloud.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "/provider")
public class ProviderController {

	@RequestMapping(path = "/getProvider", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String getProvider() throws Exception {
		throw new Exception("For Test");
		//return "Provider1";
	}
}

4.源码地址

https://github.com/DamonLiu666/springcloud_test