文章目录
1. JSP
1. 1 本质
- JSP会被应用服务器解析(以Tomcat为例)为Servlet
- Tomcat安装路径的work目录下可以查看解析后的Servelt源码
/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.52
* Generated at: 2018-08-22 21:41:16 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
int num2=2;
private void method(){
//成员方法不可以调用其他成员方法内部定义的变量,包括JSP的serice()内置的9大变量
//out.write(num1); //报错
}
private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public void _jspInit() {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
_jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
final java.lang.Object page = this;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n");
out.write("<html>\r\n");
out.write("<head>\r\n");
out.write("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\r\n");
out.write("<title>Insert title here</title>\r\n");
out.write("</head>\r\n");
out.write("<body>\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write("\t");
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
out.write(' ');
int num1=1;
//service()方法内部可以调用成员方法和变量
out.print(num2);
method();
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write("\t");
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
out.write(' ');
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
out.write(' ');
out.print(num1 );
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write("\t");
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
out.write(' ');
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("</body>\r\n");
out.write("</html>");
} catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
else throw new ServletException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
1.2 JSP脚本
- 解析后的源码请看上面
<%-- 以下内容会被解析到service()方法内 --%>
<%
int num1=1;
//service()方法内部可以调用成员方法和变量
out.print(num2);
method();
%>
<%-- 输出内容到页面上,等同out.print(num1) --%>
<%-- 以下内容会被解析到service()方法内 --%>
<%=num1 %>
<%-- 以下代码会被解析为成员变量和成员方法 --%>
<%!
int num2=2;
private void method(){
//成员方法不可以调用其他成员方法内部定义的变量,包括JSP的serice()内置的9大变量
//out.write(num1); //报错
}
%>
1.3 JSP指令
<%@page %>
<%-- 导入包 --%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%-- isErrorPage表示当前jsp是否错误页面,默认为false,--%>
<%-- errorPage表示当前页面发生错误时跳转的页面--%>
<%@page isErrorPage="false" errorPage="error.jsp"%>
<%-- 新建jsp默认选项--%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@include file="被包含的页面路径" %>
<%-- 包含其他页面 --%>
<%-- 当前页面和被包含的页面会被解析到同一个Servlet中 --%>
<%@include file="/include2.jsp" %>
<%@include file="/include3.html" %>
<%@ taglib uri="标签库地址" prefix="前缀"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
1.4 JSP内置对象
对象名称 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
out | javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter | 用于页面输出 |
request | javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest | 得到用户请求信息 |
response | javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse | 服务器向客户端的回应信息 |
config | javax.servlet.ServletConfig | 服务器配置,可以取得初始化参数 |
session | javax.servlet.http.HttpSession | 用来保存用户的信息 |
application | javax.servlet.ServletContext | 所有用户的共享信息 |
page | java.lang.Object | 指当前页面转换后的Servlet类的实例 |
pageContext | javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext | JSP的页面容器,可以获取其他八个内置对象 |
exception | java.lang.Throwable | 表示JSP页面所发生的异常,在错误页中才起作用 |
1.5 pageContext域对象
//在pageContext域对象中存储数据,作用域是当前页面
pageContext.setAttribute("name", "zhangsan");
//在request域对象中存储数据,作用域是单次请求
pageContext.setAttribute("name", "lisi",PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE);
//作用跟上一句代码一样
request.setAttribute("name","lisi");
//在session域对象中存储数据,作用域是有效会话
pageContext.setAttribute("name", "wangwu",PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE);
//作用跟上一句代码一样
session.setAttribute("name", "wangwu");
//在application域对象中存储数据,作用域是整个web应用
pageContext.setAttribute("name", "zhaoliu",PageContext.APPLICATION_SCOPE);
//作用跟上一句代码一样
application.setAttribute("name", "zhaoliu");
//作用跟上一句代码一样
this.getServletContext().setAttribute("name", "zhaoliu");
//从小作用域到大作用域中逐一查找数据,查找成功则返回
String name=(String)pageContext.findAttribute("name");
//页面输出zhangsan
out.write(name);
2. EL表达式
2.1 从作用域中获取各种类型数据
<%
int num=1;
Student student1=new Student("zhangsan",23);
Student student2=new Student("lisi",24);
List<Student> list=new ArrayList<Student>();
list.add(student1);
list.add(student2);
Map<String,Student> map=new HashMap<String,Student>();
map.put("zhangsan",student1);
pageContext.setAttribute("num", num);
request.setAttribute("student", student1);
session.setAttribute("list", list);
application.setAttribute("map", map);
%>
<%-- ${}作用是把表达式结果输出到页面上 --%>
<%-- 从pageScope域中获取普通变量 --%>
${pageScope.num}
<%-- 从request域中获取JavaBean的属性值 --%>
${requestScope.student.name}
<%-- 从session域中获取集合项 --%>
${sessionScope.list[1].age}
<%-- 从application域中获取Map中的JavaBean --%>
${applicationScope.map["zhangsan"].name}
${applicationScope.map.zhangsan.name}
<%-- 没有指定作用域,则从小到大作用域查找,查找则返回 --%>
${num}
2.2 EL表达式内置对象
<%-- 特殊字符不能用点号.只能用双引号[]括住 --%>
<%-- 获取请求参数的单个值 --%>
${param.username}
<%-- 获取请求参数的多个值 --%>
${paramValues.hobby[0]}
<%-- 获取请求头的单个值 --%>
${header.Host}
<%-- 获取请求头的多个值 --%>
${headerValues["User-Agent"][0]}
<%-- 获取web.xml的context-param的全局变量 --%>
${initParam.globalParam}
<%-- 获取指定名字的cookie;value是固定语法,表示获取该cookie的值 --%>
${cookie.lastLoginDate.value }
<%-- pageContext对象可以获取其他八大jsp内置对象 --%>
${pageContext.request.contextPath}
3. JSTL标签库
3.1 导入JSTL标签库jar包
Eclipse需要导入jstl标签库jar包才能使用,MyEclipse自带jar包
3.2 JSP页面引入JSTL标签库
<%-- 在jsp页面引入jstl核心标签库,uri是标签库路径,prefix是别名 --%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
3.3 JSTL核心库的使用
<!-- 把值为1的变量num存放进request域中 -->
<c:set var="num" value="1" scope="request"></c:set>
<%-- jstl一般与el表达式一起使用 --%>
<%-- if条件表达式,test表示布尔值的el表达式值 --%>
<c:if test="${num==1 }">
<span style="color:green">正确</span>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${num!=1 }">
<span style="color:red">错误</span>
</c:if>
<%-- 带else的条件表达式 --%>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${num==1}">
<span style="color:green">正确</span>
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
<span style="color:red">错误</span>
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
<%-- var变量别名,begin起始下标(包含),end结束下标(包含),step增长步长 --%>
<c:forEach var="i" begin="0" end="10" step="1">
${i}
</c:forEach>
<%
List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("zhangsan");
list.add("lisi");
list.add("wangwu");
pageContext.setAttribute("list", list);
%>
<%-- items遍历的集合,varStatus遍历的信息,s.index表示当前遍历的序号,从0开始 --%>
<c:forEach var="name" items="${list}" varStatus="s">
<span style='color:${s.index%2==0?"green":"red"}'>${name}</span>
</c:forEach>
<%
Map<String,Integer> map=new HashMap<String,Integer>();
map.put("zhangsan", 23);
map.put("lisi",24);
map.put("wangwu",25);
pageContext.setAttribute("map", map);
%>
<%-- 遍历Map集合,m.key表示获取键,m.value表示获取值 --%>
<c:forEach var="m" items="${map }">
${m.key} ${m.value }<br/>
</c:forEach>