Java程序员从笨鸟到菜鸟（四十五） ThreadLocal 的理解

最新推荐文章于 2020-04-21 21:05:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-04-21 21:05:44 发布

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分类专栏：线程文章标签： ThreadLocal

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一、定义

ThreadLocal 提供一个线程（Thread）局部变量，使每一个线程都拥有自己的局部变量，ThreadLocal 就是在多线程的环境下取保证成员变量的安全

二、深入理解 ThreadLocal 类

常用方法：

public T get() {};
public void set(T value) {};
public void remove() {};
protected T initialValue() {};

get() 方法用来获取 ThreadLocal 在当前线程中保存的变量副本，set() 用来设置当前线程变量中的副本，remove() 用来移除线程中变量的副本，initialValue() 是一个 protected 方法，一般用来在使用时进行重写，是一个延迟加载方法

get() 方法：

/**
 * Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
 * thread-local variable.  If the variable has no value for the
 * current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
 * by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
 *
 * @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
 */
public T get() {
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
    if (map != null) {
        ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
        if (e != null) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            T result = (T)e.value;
            return result;
        }
    }
    return setInitialValue();
}

先获取当前线程，然后通过 getMap(t) 方法取到一个 map,然后再获取

 /**
   * Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
   * InheritableThreadLocal.
   *
   * @param  t the current thread
   * @return the map
   */
  ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
      return t.threadLocals;
  }

调用当前线程 t，返回当前线程 t 的一个成员变量 threadLocals,实际上就是一个 ThreadLocalMap

/* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
     * by the ThreadLocal class. */
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;

ThreadLocalMap实现：

/**
  * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
  * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
  * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
  * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
  * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
  * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
  */
 static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
     /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
     Object value;

     Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
         super(k);
         value = v;
     }
 }

ThreadLocalMap 的 Entry 继承了 WeakReference，并且使用 ThreadLocal 作为键值

setInitialValue()方法实现

/**
  * Variant of set() to establish initialValue. Used instead
  * of set() in case user has overridden the set() method.
  *
  * @return the initial value
  */
 private T setInitialValue() {
     T value = initialValue();
     Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
     ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
     if (map != null)
         map.set(this, value);
     else
         createMap(t, value);
     return value;
 }

如果 map 不为空，就设置键值对，为空，再创建 Map

createMap() 实现

/**
  * Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. Overridden in
  * InheritableThreadLocal.
  *
  * @param t the current thread
  * @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the map
  */
 void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
     t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
 }

ThreadLocal 如何为每个线程创建变量的副本：
首先每个线程 Thread 内部都有一个 ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap 类型的成员变量 ThreadLocals,这个 threadLocals 就是存储实际的变量副本，键值为当前 ThreadLocal 变量，value 为变量副本(即 T 类型的变量)

初始时，在 Thread 里面，threadLocals 为空，并通过 ThreadLocal 变量调用 get() 方法或则 set() 方法，就会对 Thread 的 threadLocals 进行初始化，并且以当前 ThreadLocal 变量为键值，以 ThreadLocal 要保存的副本变量为 value,存到 threadLocals

总结：