制作arm ubuntu根文件系统chroot失败解决办法

0、解压根文件系统包

mkdir ubuntu-rootfs
sudo tar -xpf ubuntu-base-22.04.3-base-armhf.tar.gz -C ubuntu-rootfs/

1、首先确保安装了qemu-user-static

sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static

2、确保qemu-arm-static复制到正确目录

sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ubuntu-rootfs/usr/bin/

3、使用可用的挂载脚本ch-mount.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}/proc
    sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}/sys
    sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}/dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}/dev/pts

    sudo chroot ${2}
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount ${2}/proc
    sudo umount ${2}/sys
    sudo umount ${2}/dev/pts
    sudo umount ${2}/dev

}


if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : ${1}
    echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi

4、正确运行挂载脚本

sudo ./ch-mount.sh -m ubuntu-rootfs/

5、出现格式不对无法完成挂载的情况

主要是由于未正确配置使用的qemu用户模式系统架构导致的。

sudo ./ch-mount.sh -m ubuntu-rootfs
MOUNTING
chroot: failed to run command ‘/bin/bash’: Exec format error

6、安装binfmt

binfmt（Binary Format）是一个内核模块，它的用处如它的名字，通过二进制文件头来识别它的格式，从而指定用哪个解释器去启动——可以理解为二进制文件的hashbang。有了它我们就可以像启动原生ELF一样启动一个ARM或其他任何QEMU支持的程序了。

sudo apt install qemu-user-binfmt

7、显示当前环境下执行文件系统架构支持情况

update-binfmts --display

输出如下，可见此处qemu-arm是disabled

python2.7 (disabled):
     package = python2.7
        type = magic
      offset = 0
       magic = \x03\xf3\x0d\x0a
        mask = 
 interpreter = /usr/bin/python2.7
    detector = 
python3.8 (disabled):
     package = python3.8
        type = magic
      offset = 0
       magic = \x55\x0d\x0d\x0a
        mask = 
 interpreter = /usr/bin/python3.8
    detector = 
qemu-aarch64 (disabled):
     package = qemu-user-static
        type = magic
      offset = 0
       magic = \x7f\x45\x4c\x46\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\xb7\x00
        mask = \xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff
 interpreter = /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static
    detector = 
qemu-alpha (disabled):
     package = qemu-user-static
        type = magic
      offset = 0
       magic = \x7f\x45\x4c\x46\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x26\x90
        mask = \xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff
 interpreter = /usr/bin/qemu-alpha-static
    detector = 
qemu-arm (disabled):
     package = qemu-user-static
        type = magic
      offset = 0
       magic = \x7f\x45\x4c\x46\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28\x00
        mask = \xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff
 interpreter = /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
    detector = 
...

8、启用qemu-arm

sudo update-binfmts --enable qemu-arm

9、正确挂载根文件系统即可

sudo ./ch-mount.sh -m ubuntu-rootfs

10、更新挂载脚本ch-mount.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo update-binfmts --enable qemu-arm

    sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}/proc
    sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}/sys
    sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}/dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}/dev/pts

    sudo chroot ${2}
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"

    sudo umount ${2}/proc
    sudo umount ${2}/sys
    sudo umount ${2}/dev/pts
    sudo umount ${2}/dev

    sudo update-binfmts --disable qemu-arm
}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : ${1}
    echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi