依赖库冲突

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最新推荐文章于 2023-04-07 01:21:01 发布

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分类专栏： androidAlgorithm 文章标签： gwt

原文链接：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000015805844

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                        <article class="article fmt article-content" data-id="1190000015805844" data-license="cc">
                            https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000015805844

一、问题的产生

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000015805844 这里的

1.1 引入的支持库版本和编译版本不一致

相信大家在 build.gradle中引入各种依赖的时候，或多或少会见过一些红线， gradle会提示你，当前的编译版本和你依赖的这个支持库的版本号不同，应该使用相同的支持库版本，来比避免编译不通过问题，类似于这种。

This support library should not use a different version (27) than the compileSdkVersion (26)

还有连锁反应会出现这种问题：所有的Android支持库 support版本号要一致，也是避免运行时崩溃的问题。

All com.android.support libraries must use the exact same version specification (mixing versions can lead to runtime crashes). Found versions 27.1.0, 26.1.0. Examples include com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:27.1.0 and com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:26.1.0

上面的问题，也可以在 Android studio左侧的 Project栏的 External Libraries中查看，可以看到由于引入了和当前编译版本号不同的支持库所产生的问题：

1.2 第三方库中的子依赖和当前项目的编译版本不一致。

当引入一个第三方库，该库中也依赖了 Android支持库，且支持库的版本，和当前版本不一致而导致的版本冲突：

二、如何解决

解决冲突的方式包括：强制指定，排除。

2.1 查看依赖树

Gradle 默认开启了 依赖传递 意思就是项目依赖了A，A又依赖了B和C，这时候，我们只需要写一行代码： implementation A就行了，由传递依赖导致的冲突，默认是以最高版本的依赖为准，要想查看整个项目的依赖传递关系，使用命令：
./gradlew app:dependencies --configuration releaseRuntimeClasspath

app是具体的module。
releaseRuntimeClasspath是具体的variants类型。

+--- com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.2
|    \--- com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout-solver:1.1.2
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0
|    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    +--- com.android.support:support-v4:26.1.0
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    |    |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1
|    |    |    \--- android.arch.lifecycle:runtime:1.1.0
|    |    |         +--- android.arch.lifecycle:common:1.1.0
|    |    |         \--- android.arch.core:common:1.1.0
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-media-compat:26.1.0
|    |    |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    |    |    \--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1 (*)
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    |    |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1
|    |    |    \--- com.android.support:support-compat:27.1.1 (*)
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    |    |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1
|    |    |    +--- com.android.support:support-compat:27.1.1 (*)
|    |    |    \--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:27.1.1 (*)
|    |    \--- com.android.support:support-fragment:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    |         +--- com.android.support:support-compat:27.1.1 (*)
|    |         +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:27.1.1 (*)
|    |         +--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:27.1.1 (*)
|    |         +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1
|    |         +--- android.arch.lifecycle:livedata-core:1.1.0
|    |         |    +--- android.arch.lifecycle:common:1.1.0
|    |         |    +--- android.arch.core:common:1.1.0
|    |         |    \--- android.arch.core:runtime:1.1.0
|    |         |         \--- android.arch.core:common:1.1.0
|    |         \--- android.arch.lifecycle:viewmodel:1.1.0
|    +--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:26.1.0
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    |    \--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:26.1.0
|         +--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:26.1.0 (*)
|         \--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1 (*)
+--- com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:26.1.0
|    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1 (*)
\--- com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.7.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:gifdecoder:4.7.1
     |    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:disklrucache:4.7.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:annotations:4.7.1
     \--- com.android.support:support-fragment:27.1.1 (*)

符号的含义：

x.x.x (*) 该依赖已经有了，将不再重复依赖。
x.x.x -> x.x.x 该依赖的版本被箭头所指的版本代替。
x.x.x -> x.x.x(*) 该依赖的版本被箭头所指的版本代替，并且该依赖已经有了，不再重复依赖。

2.2 Exclude 排除

排除所有：

// 在build.gradle 中添加下面节点
configuration{
    all*.exclude module: "support-fragment"
}

执行结果：(部分)

\--- com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.7.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:gifdecoder:4.7.1
     |    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:disklrucache:4.7.1
     \--- com.github.bumptech.glide:annotations:4.7.1

可以看到相比最开始的执行结果，已经将 glide 的子依赖 com.android.support:support-fragment 排除了。

排除指定：

    implementation ('com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.7.1'){
        exclude module:"support-fragment"
    }

执行结果：（部分）

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0
|    +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.1.0 -> 27.1.1
|    +--- com.android.support:support-v4:26.1.0
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0
|    |    |    ...
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-media-compat:26.1.0
|    |    |    ...
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:26.1.0
|    |    |    ...
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.1.0
|    |    |    //不影响该子依赖
|    |    \--- com.android.support:support-fragment:26.1.0
|    |         +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0 (*)
|    |         +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.1.0 (*)
|    |         \--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:26.1.0 (*)
|    +--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:26.1.0
|    |    ...
|    \--- com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:26.1.0
|         ...
+--- com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:26.1.0
|    //该依赖的子依赖被排除
\--- com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.7.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:gifdecoder:4.7.1
     |    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:disklrucache:4.7.1
     \--- com.github.bumptech.glide:annotations:4.7.1

可以看到指定排除glide依赖的子依赖 com.android.support:support-fragment 不影响其他依赖。

exclude 可以搭配 group和module使用，将会排除所有被匹配的依赖。

2.3 Force 强制指定

强制指定依赖的版本。

configurations.all {
   resolutionStrategy {
       force 'com.android.support:support-fragment:26.1.0'
   }
}

执行结果（部分）：

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0
|    ...
|    +--- com.android.support:support-v4:26.1.0
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0
|    |    |    ...
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-media-compat:26.1.0
|    |    |    ...
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:26.1.0
|    |    |    ...
|    |    +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.1.0
|    |    |    //该依赖被强制指定了版本号
|    |    \--- com.android.support:support-fragment:26.1.0
|    |         +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0 (*)
|    |         +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.1.0 (*)
|    |         \--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:26.1.0 (*)
|    +--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:26.1.0
|    |    ...
|    \--- com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:26.1.0
|         ...
+--- com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:26.1.0
|    ...
\--- com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.7.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:gifdecoder:4.7.1
     |    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:disklrucache:4.7.1
     +--- com.github.bumptech.glide:annotations:4.7.1
          //强制指定了版本号
     \--- com.android.support:support-fragment:27.1.1 -> 26.1.0 (*)

写的匆忙，如有纰漏，还望指正，如果不小心绑到了你，那真是极好的，今天顺便google了一下，如何查看具体的某一个依赖的情况，但是一直没有头绪，使用了dependencyInsight命令也不行。如果有知道的希望可以交流一下。谢谢。

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