【SpringBoot_ANNOTATIONS】组件注册 01 @Configuration @Bean

Spring重要特性：IOC/DI （控制反转 / 依赖注入）

传统方式

使用beans.xml

1. 创建bean类

package com.example.annotations.bean;

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

2. idea中创建beans.xml
   new – xml configuration file – Spring config
   

<bean id="person" class="com.example.annotations.bean.Person">
    <property name="name" value="lxl"/>
    <property name="age" value="21"/>
</bean>

3. 测试

    @Test
    void beanTest(){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Person person = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("person");
        System.out.println(person);
    }

注解方式 @Configuration @Bean

1. 编写MainConfig类：配置类等同于beans.xml

   package com.example.annotations.config;
   
   import com.example.annotations.bean.Person;
   import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
   import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
   
   // @Configuration : 告诉Spring这是个配置类
   @Configuration
   public class MainConfig {
   
       //给容器注入一个bean，类型为返回值的类型，id默认使用方法的id
       @Bean("person")
       public Person getPerson(){
           return new Person("qd",21);
       }
   }
   

2. 测试

       @Test
       void beanConfigTest(){
           ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig.class);
           Person person = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
   
           //获取对应类型组件在IOC容器中的名字 返回一个数组
           String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class);
   //        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(beanNamesForType));
   
           for (String str:beanNamesForType){
               System.out.println("toString:" + str.toString());
           }
       }
   

3. Notes

   • @Configuration：告诉Spring这是个配置类
   • @Bean：给容器注入一个bean
     • 标注在类上：类型为bean类的类型，id默认为类的小写
     • 标注在方法上：类型为返回值的类型，id默认使用方法的id