Spring事务精细化运用

1. 事务同步器

TransactionSynchronization是Spring提供的事务接口，它定义了一次事务操作的各种可能存在的方法，我们可以通过声明抽象类、匿名类等方式进行注册事务方法在各阶段实现业务逻辑。

/**
 * created by guanjian on 2020/12/4 9:07
 */
public class DiyTransactionSynchronization implements TransactionSynchronization {
    @Override
    public void suspend() {
        System.out.println("==========suspend==========");
    }

    @Override
    public void resume() {
        System.out.println("==========resume==========");
    }

    @Override
    public void flush() {
        System.out.println("==========flush==========");
    }

    @Override
    public void beforeCommit(boolean b) {
        System.out.println("==========beforeCommit==========");
    }

    @Override
    public void beforeCompletion() {
        System.out.println("==========beforeCompletion==========");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCommit() {
        System.out.println("==========afterCommit==========");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(int i) {
        System.out.println("==========afterCompletion==========");
    }
}

2. 注册事务回调方法

TransactionSynchronizationManager提供了事务管理的API，这里是通过registerSynchronization方法进行事务方法的注册，当事务执行时会对注册方法进行回调并执行我们自定义的业务逻辑，这里是一个监听器模式。

 TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new DiyTransactionSynchronization());

再来看下TransactionSynchronizationManager的声明变量，这里为了线程安全，将事务同步变量都使用ThreadLocal进行绑定存储

public abstract class TransactionSynchronizationManager {

   private static final ThreadLocal<Map<Object, Object>> resources = new NamedThreadLocal("Transactional resources");
   private static final ThreadLocal<Set<TransactionSynchronization>> synchronizations = new NamedThreadLocal("Transaction synchronizations");
   private static final ThreadLocal<String> currentTransactionName = new NamedThreadLocal("Current transaction name");
   private static final ThreadLocal<Boolean> currentTransactionReadOnly = new NamedThreadLocal("Current transaction read-only status");
   private static final ThreadLocal<Integer> currentTransactionIsolationLevel = new NamedThreadLocal("Current transaction isolation level");
   private static final ThreadLocal<Boolean> actualTransactionActive = new NamedThreadLocal("Actual transaction active");
   
   //省略
}

3. 测试

 @Test
  public void test_registerSynchronization_succ() {
      transactionTemplate.execute(transactionStatus -> {
          try {
              TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new DiyTransactionSynchronization());
              System.out.println("执行业务方法A");
              System.out.println("执行业务方法B");

              return true;
          } catch (Exception e) {
              System.out.println("事务回滚");
              e.printStackTrace();
              transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly();
              return false;
          }
      });
  }

输出结果：

执行业务方法A
执行业务方法B
========== beforeCommit ==========
========== beforeCompletion ==========
========== afterCommit 这里是事务提交的节点 ==========
========== afterCompletion ==========

@Test
  public void test_registerSynchronization_error() {
      transactionTemplate.execute(transactionStatus -> {
          TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(new DiyTransactionSynchronization());

          try {
              System.out.println("执行业务方法A");
              if (true) {
                  System.out.println("执行业务方法A异常");
                  throw new RuntimeException("执行业务方法A异常");
              }
              System.out.println("执行业务方法B");

              return true;
          } catch (Exception e) {
              System.out.println("事务回滚");
              e.printStackTrace();
              transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly();
              return false;
          }
      });
  }

输出结果：

执行业务方法A
执行业务方法A异常
java.lang.RuntimeException: 执行业务方法A异常
事务回滚
========== beforeCompletion ==========
========== afterCompletion ==========

4. 实战案例

数据库持久化与MQ绑定

• 数据库持久化成功、MQ发送成功：事务提交成功，保证一致性
• 数据库持久化失败、不会执行MQ：事务回滚
• 数据库持久化成功、执行MQ失败：事务回滚

 @Test
    public void test_registerSynchronization_error() {
        transactionTemplate.execute(transactionStatus -> {
            try {
                System.out.println("数据库持久化");
               
                System.out.println("发送MQ");
                return true;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println("事务回滚");
                e.printStackTrace();
                transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly();
                return false;
            }
        });
    }