pip安装、升级、版本查看及遇到的问题

• pip、pip3安装
  sudo apt-get install python-pip
  sudo apt-get install python-pip3
• pip版本升级

 sudo pip install --upgrade -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pip
 sudo pip3 install --upgrade -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pip

• pip版本查看
  pip -V
  pip3 -V
• 问题

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: cannot import name 'main'

解决办法：

sudo vi /usr/bin/pip
//修改前
from pip import main  
if __name__ == '__main__':  
    sys.exit(main()) 
修改后
from pip import __main__  //这行也要修改
if __name__ == '__main__':  
    sys.exit(__main__._main())//增加__main__.

• 修改pip指向
  问题一：有时电脑上pip和pip3 都指向了python3. 为了让pip指向python2，修改如下
  which pip但看pip所在位置
  如：/usr/local/bin/pip
  sudo vim /usr/local/bin/pip修改pip指向
  将其第一行 #!/usr/bin/python3修改成 #!/usr/bin/python2
  pip -V查看pip已经指向python2了
  问题二：在pip -V查看版本时，出现/home/ozh/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/__init__.py:83: RequestsDependencyWarning: Old version of cryptography ([1, 2, 3]) may cause slowdown. warnings.warn(warning, RequestsDependencyWarning) pip 18.1 from /home/ozh/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)
  解决方法：sudo pip install --upgrade cryptography
sudo python -m easy_install --upgrade pyOpenSSL