Jsp本质，jsp内置对像

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 08:43:36 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 08:43:36 发布

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分类专栏： Javaee-javaweb

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什么是Jsp呢？
JSP全名为Java Server Pages，其根本是一个简化的Servlet设计，它是在传统的网页HTML中插入Java程序段，从而形成JSP文件，后缀名为(*.jsp)。

Jsp只对网页中动态产生的内容采用java代码来编写，而对固定不变的静态内容采用普通的静态页面HTML方式编写

我们先来看一个最简单的JSP小例子吧：

这个例子我们不需要在web.xml中进行配置，如下截图是在WebContent下创建一个NewFile.jsp文件
这里写图片描述

<%@page import="java.util.Date"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%
        Date date = new Date();
        System.out.println(date);
    %>
</body>
</html>

直接跑在server上，就相当于直接去访问一个静态的html页面即可

浏览器的地址为：http://localhost:8080/day01/NewFile.jsp
输入结果如下：
这里写图片描述

那么jsp在项目发布的什么目录呢，看看下图：
这里写图片描述

原来被编译为一个java文件NewFile_jsp.java
这里写图片描述

楼上的截图Init、Destroy、Service跟Servlet的生命周期蛮像，是不是它跟Servlet有关系呢？
我们关联了Tomcat的源码去看看继承类里面做了什么操作吧？
这里写图片描述
原来继承的是HttpServlet！！！

到此得到一个结论：Jsp其实就是一个Servlet

WEB容器接收到.jsp为扩展名的URL访问时候，比如上面的例子是
http://localhost:8080/day01/NewFile.jsp，它将把该访问交给JSP引擎去处理，然后该jsp文件翻译为一个Servlet源程序，继而将Servlet源程序，编译为Servlet的class类，然后在用web容器，调用普通的servlet一样，来进行装载执行一系列操作。

我们继续回看NewFile_jsp.java了解原理

  public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
        throws java.io.IOException, ServletException {

    PageContext pageContext = null;
    HttpSession session = null;
    ServletContext application = null;
    ServletConfig config = null;
    JspWriter out = null;
    Object page = this;
    JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;


    try {
      response.setContentType("text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1");
      pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
                null, true, 8192, true);
      _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
      application = pageContext.getServletContext();
      config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
      session = pageContext.getSession();
      out = pageContext.getOut();
      _jspx_out = out;

      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd\">\r\n");
      out.write("<html>\r\n");
      out.write("<head>\r\n");
      out.write("<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\">\r\n");
      out.write("<title>Insert title here</title>\r\n");
      out.write("</head>\r\n");
      out.write("<body>\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");


Date date = new Date();
System.out.println(date);



      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("\r\n");
      out.write("</body>\r\n");
      out.write("</html>");
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){
        out = _jspx_out;
        if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
          try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
        if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
      }
    } finally {
      _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    }
  }

以下就是我们对应jsp需要了解的几大对象

HttpServletRequest request,；
HttpServletResponse response
PageContext pageContext = null; 页面的上下文，可以获取8个内置对象
HttpSession session = null; 浏览器和服务器的一次会话
ServletContext application = null; 当前web应用
ServletConfig config = null;servlet配置信息
JspWriter out = null;输出到浏览器中
Object page = this;
JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
exception

我们就通过一个小例子，来简单了解下这几个内置对象吧：

首先我们需要在web.xml中，进行配置一些信息，这样可以在jsp中通过内置对象进行获取

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>user</param-name>
        <param-value>wyf</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>password</param-name>
        <param-value>123456</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hellojsp</servlet-name>
        <!-- 这里不是servlet-class -->
        <jsp-file>/NewFile.jsp</jsp-file>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>test</param-name>
            <param-value>testValue</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hellojsp</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hellojsp</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

NewFile.jsp

<%@page import="java.util.Date"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

    <%
        Date date = new Date();
        System.out.println(date);
    %>
    <%
        //request
        String name = request.getParameter("name");
        System.out.println("name:" + name);
        //response
        System.out.println(response instanceof HttpServletResponse);
        //pageContext
        ServletRequest req = pageContext.getRequest();
        System.out.println("req:" + req);
        //session
        System.out.println(session.getId());
        //application--ServletContext 
        System.out.println(application.getInitParameter("password"));
        System.out.println(application.getInitParameter("user"));
        //config
        System.out.println(config.getInitParameter("test"));
        //jspWriter
        out.println("out:" + config.getInitParameter("test"));
        //huan hang
        out.println("<br>");
    %>

    <br>

    <%
        out.println("out:" + config.getInitParameter("test"));
    %>
</body>
</html>

输出如下：
这里写图片描述

域对象的属性操作

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

    <%
        pageContext.setAttribute("pageContextAttr", "pageContextValue");

        request.setAttribute("requestAttr", "requestValue");
        session.setAttribute("sessionAttr", "sessionValue");
        application.setAttribute("applicationAttr", "applicationValue");
    %>
    pageContextAttr:<%=pageContext.getAttribute("pageContextAttr")%>
    <br> requestAttr:<%=request.getAttribute("requestAttr")%>
    <br> sessionAttr:<%=session.getAttribute("sessionAttr")%>
    <br> applicationAttr:<%=application.getAttribute("applicationAttr")%>

</body>
</html>

http://localhost:8080/day01/NewFile.jsp

pageContextAttr:pageContextValue 
requestAttr:requestValue 
sessionAttr:sessionValue 
applicationAttr:applicationValue

pageContext

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%

        //使用pageContext向request域存数据
        //request.setAttribute("name", "zhangsan");
        //pageContext.setAttribute("name", "sunba");
        //pageContext.setAttribute("name", "lisi", PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE);
        //pageContext.setAttribute("name", "wangwu", PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE);
        //pageContext.setAttribute("name", "tianqi", PageContext.APPLICATION_SCOPE);

    %>

    <%=request.getAttribute("name") %>
    <%=pageContext.getAttribute("name", PageContext.REQUEST_SCOPE)%>

    <!-- findAttribute会从小到大搜索域的范围中的name -->
    <!-- page域<request域<session域<application域 -->
    <%=pageContext.findAttribute("name") %>

    <%
        pageContext.getRequest();
        pageContext.getOut();

        //method(pageContext);

    %>
</body>
</html>