C# 获取串口及友好名称

1、使用 ManagementObjectSearcher 搜索本地所有串口（Caption、DeviceID）

2、查询注册表 LocalMachine\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Enum\\{deviceId}\\Device Parameters 获取对应的串口名称

完整示例

/// <summary>
/// 串口
/// </summary>
public class SerialPortDes
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 友好名称
    /// </summary>
    public string Caption { get; internal set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 串口名称
    /// </summary>
    public string PortName { get; internal set; }
}

/// <summary>
/// 根据设备ID获取串口名
/// </summary>
/// <param name="deviceId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string GetPortName(string deviceId)
{
    string path = $"SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Enum\\{deviceId}\\Device Parameters";
    var reg = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(path);
    return reg.GetValue("PortName")?.ToString();
}
       
/// <summary>
/// 获取本地所有串口
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<SerialPortDes> GetSerialPorts()
{
    string query = "SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity WHERE PNPClass = 'Ports'";
    using (ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher(query))
    {
        var hardInfos = searcher.Get();
        List<SerialPortDes> ports = new List<SerialPortDes>();

        foreach (var hardInfo in hardInfos)
        {
            string deviceID = hardInfo.Properties["DeviceID"].Value.ToString();
            string caption = hardInfo.Properties["Caption"].Value.ToString();
            SerialPortDes ss = new SerialPortDes();
            string portName = GetPortName(deviceID);
            ss.Caption = caption;
            ss.PortName = portName;
            ports.Add(ss);
        }
        return ports;
    }
}