centos7安装配置MySQL8

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已于 2023-06-19 23:42:05 修改

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分类专栏： Mysql 文章标签： mysql 数据库 linux

于 2022-12-02 12:10:21 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013271384/article/details/128140715

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一.使用源安装

配置源

进入https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/页面选择合适的系统的源进行下载，我这里使用的centos7所以使用源https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
下载：

wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

安装：

sudo yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

安装MySQL

查看MySQL相关源yum repolist all | grep mysql
默认安装的是MySQL8.0，可以使用命令切换默认安装版本（跳过）

$> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
$> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community

或编辑文件 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo file修改enabled=0关闭，enabled=1开启

# Enable to use MySQL 5.7
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 8.0
[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
       file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

查看MySQL对应开启的源 yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

关闭默认的MySQL模块 sudo yum module disable mysql 没有就跳过
安装MySQL sudo yum install mysql-community-server
如果安装报错：

---> 软件包 mariadb-server.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mariadb-server，它被软件包 akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 舍弃
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mariadb-server.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 取代
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mariadb-server，它被软件包 akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 舍弃
--> 解决依赖关系完成
错误：软件包：akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
          需要：mariadb-server
          正在删除: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
              mariadb-server = 1:5.5.68-1.el7
          取代，由: mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql80-community)
              未找到
 您可以尝试添加 --skip-broken 选项来解决该问题
 您可以尝试执行：rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

使用命令移除mariadb-libs yum -y remove mariadb-libs，重新运行安装命令。
6. 然后就是一路确认安装即可。

配置MySQL

开启mysqld服务systemctl start mysqld或service mysqld start
查看开启状态systemctl status mysqld
服务启动后会创建一个默认的账户'root'@'localhost，其默认密码生成路径为/var/log/mysqld.log
查看默认密码 sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 或 cat /var/log/mysqld.log

[root@localhost]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-12-01T15:56:28.931265Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.31) initializing of server in progress as process 61451
2022-12-01T15:56:28.940674Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-12-01T15:56:29.973257Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-12-01T15:56:31.097144Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: g&yP+f_T_1V.
2022-12-01T15:56:33.377470Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.31) starting as process 61644
2022-12-01T15:56:33.665946Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-12-01T15:56:35.150925Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-12-01T15:56:35.885498Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-12-01T15:56:35.885596Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2022-12-01T15:56:35.995928Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.31'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
2022-12-01T15:56:35.996186Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock

登录mysql -uroot -p 输入自己对应的临时密码
修改登录密码ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

用户创建、权限相关：https://blog.csdn.net/u013271384/article/details/118438047

官方网址：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-yum-repo.html
密码验证相关：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/validate-password.html

文件或资源名称	位置
Client programs and scripts	/usr/bin
mysqld server	/usr/sbin
Configuration file	/etc/my.cnf
Data directory	/var/lib/mysql
Error log file	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.log ;For SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
Value of secure_file_priv	/var/lib/mysql-files
System V init script	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqld;For SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql
Systemd service	For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqld;For SLES: mysql
Pid file	/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid
Socket	/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Keyring directory	/var/lib/mysql-keyring
Unix manual pages	/usr/share/man
Include (header) files	/usr/include/mysql
Libraries	/usr/lib/mysql
Miscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files)	/usr/share/mysql

二.使用二进制文件安装（待完善，请参照官网或方法一使用源安装）

官网地址：官方地址

获取对应版本Mysql压缩文件，可能需要安装依赖libaio，

on Yum-based systems：

$> yum search libaio  # search for info
$> yum install libaio # install library

on APT-based systems:

$> apt-cache search libaio # search for info
$> apt-get install libaio1 # install library

Oracle Linux 8 / Red Hat 8 (EL8): These platforms by default do not install the file /lib64/libtinfo.so.5, which is required by the MySQL client bin/mysql for packages mysql-VERSION-el7-x86_64.tar.gz and mysql-VERSION-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz. To work around this issue, install the ncurses-compat-libs package:

yum install ncurses-compat-libs

添加相关用户组，解压配置运行：

$> groupadd mysql
$> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
$> cd /usr/local
$> tar xvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.xz
$> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
$> cd mysql
$> mkdir mysql-files
$> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
$> chmod 750 mysql-files
$> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
$> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
$> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
$> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

可选环境变量：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

变量含义
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html

配置表名大小写敏感问题：lower_case_table_names

Command-Line Format	–lower-case-table-names[=#]
System Variable	lower_case_table_names
Scope	Global
Dynamic	No
SET_VAR Hint Applies	No
Type	Integer
Default Value (macOS)	2
Default Value (Unix)	0
Default Value (Windows)	1
Minimum Value	0
Maximum Value	2