Spring框架七、Spring Transactional传播特性

一、事务的传播特性

事务的传播特性指的是当一个事务方法被另一个事务方法调用时，这个事务方法应该如何进行？

spring的事务传播行为一共有7种：

二、测试事务的传播特性

1、环境准备

application_context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db_config.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
        <property name="url" value="${url}"></property>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${driverClassName}"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <constructor-arg name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bobo"></context:component-scan>
    <!--事务控制-->
    <!--配置事务管理器的bean-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--开启基于注解的事务控制模式，依赖tx名称空间-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"></tx:annotation-driven>
</beans>

db_config.properties

jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tx
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

BookDao.java

package com.bobo.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

@Repository
public class BookDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    /**
     * 按照图书的id来获取图书的价格
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int getPrice(int id) {
        String sql = "select price from book where id=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class, id);
    }

    /**
     * 减去某个用户的余额
     *
     * @param username
     * @param price
     */
    public void updateBalance(String username, int price) {
        String sql = "update account set balance=balance-? where username=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, price, username);
    }

    /**
     * 减库存，减去某本书的库存
     *
     * @param id
     */
    public void updateStock(int id) {
        String sql = "update book_stock set stock=stock-1 where id =?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id);
    }

    /**
     * 修改图书价格
     * @param id
     */
    public void updatePrice(int id) {
        String sql = "update book set price=price-1 where id =?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id);
    }
}

BookService.java

package com.bobo.service;

import com.bobo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    /**
     *  结账：传入哪个用户买了哪本书
     * @param username
     * @param id
     */
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void checkout(String username, int id) {
        int price = bookDao.getPrice(id);
        bookDao.updateBalance(username, price);
        bookDao.updateStock(id);
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void updatePrice(int id) {
        bookDao.updatePrice(id);
//        int i = 1 / 0;
    }
}

MultiBookService.java

package com.bobo.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class MultiBookService {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    @Transactional
    public void multi(String username, int id) {
        bookService.checkout(username, id);
        bookService.updatePrice(id);
    }
}

单元测试：

import com.bobo.service.BookService;
import com.bobo.service.MultiBookService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {

    @Test
    public void test01() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application_context.xml");
        MultiBookService multiBookService = context.getBean(MultiBookService.class);
        multiBookService.multi("lisi", 1);
    }
}

2、Propagation.REQUIRED

通过上图的结果发现，如果设置的传播特性是Required，那么所有的事务都会统一成一个事务，一旦发生错误，所有的数据都要进行回滚。

3、Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW

1、将checkout()方法设置为REQUIRED，而updatePrice()方法设置为REQUIRES_NEW，并且在updatePrice()方法报出异常。

package com.bobo.service;

import com.bobo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    /**
     *  结账：传入哪个用户买了哪本书
     * @param username
     * @param id
     */
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void checkout(String username, int id) {
        int price = bookDao.getPrice(id);
        bookDao.updateBalance(username, price);
        bookDao.updateStock(id);
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void updatePrice(int id) {
        bookDao.updatePrice(id);
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }
}

测试结果：checkout和updatePrice方法都会回滚。

2、将checkout()方法设置为REQUIRES_NEW，而updatePrice()方法设置为REQUIRED，并且在updatePrice()方法报出异常。

package com.bobo.service;

import com.bobo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    /**
     *  结账：传入哪个用户买了哪本书
     * @param username
     * @param id
     */
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void checkout(String username, int id) {
        int price = bookDao.getPrice(id);
        bookDao.updateBalance(username, price);
        bookDao.updateStock(id);
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void updatePrice(int id) {
        bookDao.updatePrice(id);
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }
}

测试结果：checkout()方法不会回滚，updatePrice()方法会发生回滚

3、将checkout()方法设置为REQUIRES_NEW，而updatePrice()方法设置为REQUIRED，并且在multi()方法报出异常。

package com.bobo.service;

import com.bobo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    /**
     * 结账：传入哪个用户买了哪本书
     *
     * @param username
     * @param id
     */
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void checkout(String username, int id) {
        int price = bookDao.getPrice(id);
        bookDao.updateBalance(username, price);
        bookDao.updateStock(id);
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void updatePrice(int id) {
        bookDao.updatePrice(id);
    }
}

package com.bobo.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class MultiBookService {
    @Autowired
    private BookService bookService;

    @Transactional
    public void multi(String username, int id) {
        bookService.checkout(username, id);
        bookService.updatePrice(id);
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }
}

测试发现：checkout()方法不会回滚，updatePrice()方法会回滚

4、将checkout()方法和updatePrice()都设置为REQUIRES_NEW，并且在updatePrice()方法报出异常。

package com.bobo.service;

import com.bobo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    /**
     * 结账：传入哪个用户买了哪本书
     *
     * @param username
     * @param id
     */
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void checkout(String username, int id) {
        int price = bookDao.getPrice(id);
        bookDao.updateBalance(username, price);
        bookDao.updateStock(id);
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void updatePrice(int id) {
        bookDao.updatePrice(id);
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }
}

测试发现：updatePrice()方法会回滚，checkout()方法不会回滚

4、Propagation.NESTED

1、将checkout()方法设置为Propagation.NESTED，updatePrice()设置为Propagation.REQUIRED，并且在updatePrice()方法报出异常。

package com.bobo.service;

import com.bobo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    /**
     * 结账：传入哪个用户买了哪本书
     *
     * @param username
     * @param id
     */
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NESTED)
    public void checkout(String username, int id) {
        int price = bookDao.getPrice(id);
        bookDao.updateBalance(username, price);
        bookDao.updateStock(id);
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void updatePrice(int id) {
        bookDao.updatePrice(id);
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }
}

测试发现：updatePrice()方法和checkout()方法都会回滚

2、将checkout()方法设置为Propagation.NESTED，updatePrice()设置为Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW，并且在updatePrice()方法报出异常。

package com.bobo.service;

import com.bobo.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class BookService {

    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    /**
     * 结账：传入哪个用户买了哪本书
     *
     * @param username
     * @param id
     */
    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NESTED)
    public void checkout(String username, int id) {
        int price = bookDao.getPrice(id);
        bookDao.updateBalance(username, price);
        bookDao.updateStock(id);
    }

    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
    public void updatePrice(int id) {
        bookDao.updatePrice(id);
        int i = 1 / 0;
    }
}

测试发现：updatePrice()方法和checkout()方法都会回滚，和上面一样的结果。

三、总结

1. 事务传播级别是REQUIRED，当checkout()被调用时（假定被另一类中commit()调用），如果checkout()中的代码抛出异常，即便被捕获，commit()中的其他代码都会roll back。
2. 是REQUIRES_NEW，如果checkout()中的代码抛出异常，并且被捕获，commit()中的其他代码不会roll back；如果commit()中的其他代码抛出异常，而且没有捕获，不会导致checkout()回滚。
3. 是NESTED，如果checkout()中的代码抛出异常，并且被捕获，commit()中的其他代码不会roll back；如果commit()中的其他代码抛出异常，而且没有捕获，会导致checkout()回滚。

PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW 启动一个新的, 不依赖于环境的 “内部” 事务. 这个事务将被完全 commited 或 rolled back 而不依赖于外部事务, 它拥有自己的隔离范围, 自己的锁, 等等. 当内部事务开始执行时, 外部事务将被挂起, 内务事务结束时, 外部事务将继续执行.
另一方面, PROPAGATION_NESTED 开始一个 “嵌套的” 事务, 它是已经存在事务的一个真正的子事务. 嵌套事务开始执行时, 它将取得一个 savepoint. 如果这个嵌套事务失败, 我们将回滚到此 savepoint. 潜套事务是外部事务的一部分, 只有外部事务结束后它才会被提交.
由此可见, PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW 和 PROPAGATION_NESTED 的最大区别在于, PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW 完全是一个新的事务, 而 PROPAGATION_NESTED 则是外部事务的子事务, 如果外部事务 commit, 嵌套事务也会被 commit, 这个规则同样适用于 roll back.