nodejs生成唯一uuid

一、安装依赖

npm install uuid

二、脚本引入

（一）ES6 module syntax

import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '9b1deb4d-3b7d-4bad-9bdd-2b0d7b3dcb6d'

（二）CommonJS

const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'

var uuid = require('uuid'); // 唯一uuid
uuid.v4().replace(/\-/g, '')

三、Command Line

UUIDs can be generated from the command line using uuid.

$ uuid
ddeb27fb-d9a0-4624-be4d-4615062daed4
The default is to generate version 4 UUIDS, however the other versions are supported. Type uuid --help for details:

$ uuid --help

Usage:
  uuid
  uuid v1
  uuid v3 <name> <namespace uuid>
  uuid v4
  uuid v5 <name> <namespace uuid>
  uuid --help

Note: <namespace uuid> may be "URL" or "DNS" to use the corresponding UUIDs
defined by RFC4122

四、API

API Summary

函数方法	功能	备注
uuid.NIL	The nil UUID string (all zeros)	New in uuid@8.3
uuid.parse()	Convert UUID string to array of bytes	New in uuid@8.3
uuid.stringify()	Convert array of bytes to UUID string	New in uuid@8.3
uuid.v1()	Create a version 1 (timestamp) UUID
uuid.v3()	Create a version 3 (namespace w/ MD5) UUID
uuid.v4()	Create a version 4 (random) UUID
uuid.v5()	Create a version 5 (namespace w/ SHA-1) UUID
uuid.validate()	Test a string to see if it is a valid UUID	New in uuid@8.3
uuid.version()	Detect RFC version of a UUID	New in uuid@8.3

• uuid.NIL
  nil UUID字符串（全零）。
  示例：

import { NIL as NIL_UUID } from 'uuid';
 
NIL_UUID; // ⇨ '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'

• uuid.parse(str)
  将UUID字符串转换为字节数组

字段	说明
str	A valid UUID String
returns	Uint8Array[16]
throws	TypeError if str is not a valid UUID

注意：parse()和stringify()使用的字节数组中的值的顺序遵循UUID字符串中十六进制对的从左往右的顺序。 如下例所示。

示例：

import { parse as uuidParse } from 'uuid';
 
// Parse a UUID
const bytes = uuidParse('6ec0bd7f-11c0-43da-975e-2a8ad9ebae0b');
 
// Convert to hex strings to show byte order (for documentation purposes)
[...bytes].map((v) => v.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')); // ⇨ 
  // [
  //   '6e', 'c0', 'bd', '7f',
  //   '11', 'c0', '43', 'da',
  //   '97', '5e', '2a', '8a',
  //   'd9', 'eb', 'ae', '0b'
  // ]

其他更多关于uuid库的方法的使用，具体参考npm官网：https://www.npmjs.com/package/uuid

生成uuid字符串后将其中的-去掉

当使用nodejs中的uuid库生成了1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed这种格式的uuid字符串后，有时候我们需要把中间的-字符去掉，这时候可以使用string的replace方法：

const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
let strUUID = uuidv4(); // ⇨ '1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'
let strUUID2 = strUUID.replace(/-/g, ''); // 去掉-字符，使用空格代替

uuid.stringify(arr[, offset])

Convert array of bytes to UUID string

arr	Array-like collection of 16 values (starting from offset) between 0-255.
[offset = 0]	Number Starting index in the Array
returns	String
throws	TypeError if a valid UUID string cannot be generated

Note: Ordering of values in the byte arrays used by parse() and stringify() follows the left ↠ right order of hex-pairs in UUID strings. As shown in the example below.

Example:

import { stringify as uuidStringify } from 'uuid';

const uuidBytes = [
  0x6e,
  0xc0,
  0xbd,
  0x7f,
  0x11,
  0xc0,
  0x43,
  0xda,
  0x97,
  0x5e,
  0x2a,
  0x8a,
  0xd9,
  0xeb,
  0xae,
  0x0b,
];

uuidStringify(uuidBytes); // ⇨ '6ec0bd7f-11c0-43da-975e-2a8ad9ebae0b'

uuid.v1([options[, buffer[, offset]]])

Create an RFC version 1 (timestamp) UUID

[options]	Object with one or more of the following properties:
[options.node ]	RFC "node" field as an Array[6] of byte values (per 4.1.6)
[options.clockseq]	RFC "clock sequence" as a Number between 0 - 0x3fff
[options.msecs]	RFC "timestamp" field (Number of milliseconds, unix epoch)
[options.nsecs]	RFC "timestamp" field (Number of nanseconds to add to msecs, should be 0-10,000)
[options.random]	Array of 16 random bytes (0-255)
[options.rng]	Alternative to options.random, a Function that returns an Array of 16 random bytes (0-255)
[buffer]	Array | Buffer If specified, uuid will be written here in byte-form, starting at offset
[offset = 0]	Number Index to start writing UUID bytes in buffer
returns	UUID String if no buffer is specified, otherwise returns buffer
throws	Error if more than 10M UUIDs/sec are requested

Note: The default node id (the last 12 digits in the UUID) is generated once, randomly, on process startup, and then remains unchanged for the duration of the process.

Note: options.random and options.rng are only meaningful on the very first call to v1(), where they may be passed to initialize the internal node and clockseq fields.

Example:

import { v1 as uuidv1 } from 'uuid';

uuidv1(); // ⇨ '2c5ea4c0-4067-11e9-8bad-9b1deb4d3b7d'

Example using options:

import { v1 as uuidv1 } from 'uuid';

const v1options = {
  node: [0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab],
  clockseq: 0x1234,
  msecs: new Date('2011-11-01').getTime(),
  nsecs: 5678,
};
uuidv1(v1options); // ⇨ '710b962e-041c-11e1-9234-0123456789ab'

uuid.v3(name, namespace[, buffer[, offset]])

Create an RFC version 3 (namespace w/ MD5) UUID

API is identical to v5(), but uses "v3" instead.

备注: Per the RFC, "If backward compatibility is not an issue, SHA-1 [Version 5] is preferred."

uuid.v4([options[, buffer[, offset]]])

Create an RFC version 4 (random) UUID

[options]	Object with one or more of the following properties:
[options.random]	Array of 16 random bytes (0-255)
[options.rng]	Alternative to options.random, a Function that returns an Array of 16 random bytes (0-255)
[buffer]	Array | Buffer If specified, uuid will be written here in byte-form, starting at offset
[offset = 0]	Number Index to start writing UUID bytes in buffer
returns	UUID String if no buffer is specified, otherwise returns buffer

Example:

import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';

uuidv4(); // ⇨ '1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'

Example using predefined random values:

import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';

const v4options = {
  random: [
    0x10,
    0x91,
    0x56,
    0xbe,
    0xc4,
    0xfb,
    0xc1,
    0xea,
    0x71,
    0xb4,
    0xef,
    0xe1,
    0x67,
    0x1c,
    0x58,
    0x36,
  ],
};
uuidv4(v4options); // ⇨ '109156be-c4fb-41ea-b1b4-efe1671c5836'

uuid.v5(name, namespace[, buffer[, offset]])

Create an RFC version 5 (namespace w/ SHA-1) UUID

name	String | Array
namespace	String | Array[16] Namespace UUID
[buffer]	Array | Buffer If specified, uuid will be written here in byte-form, starting at offset
[offset = 0]	Number Index to start writing UUID bytes in buffer
returns	UUID String if no buffer is specified, otherwise returns buffer

Note: The RFC DNS and URL namespaces are available as v5.DNS and v5.URL.

Example with custom namespace:

import { v5 as uuidv5 } from 'uuid';

// Define a custom namespace.  Readers, create your own using something like
// https://www.uuidgenerator.net/
const MY_NAMESPACE = '1b671a64-40d5-491e-99b0-da01ff1f3341';

uuidv5('Hello, World!', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ '630eb68f-e0fa-5ecc-887a-7c7a62614681'

Example with RFC URL namespace:

import { v5 as uuidv5 } from 'uuid';

uuidv5('https://www.w3.org/', uuidv5.URL); // ⇨ 'c106a26a-21bb-5538-8bf2-57095d1976c1'

uuid.validate(str)

Test a string to see if it is a valid UUID

str	String to validate
returns	true if string is a valid UUID, false otherwise

Example:

import { validate as uuidValidate } from 'uuid';

uuidValidate('not a UUID'); // ⇨ false
uuidValidate('6ec0bd7f-11c0-43da-975e-2a8ad9ebae0b'); // ⇨ true
Using validate and version together it is possible to do per-version validation, e.g. validate for only v4 UUIds.

import { version as uuidVersion } from 'uuid';
import { validate as uuidValidate } from 'uuid';

function uuidValidateV4(uuid) {
  return uuidValidate(uuid) && uuidVersion(uuid) === 4;
}

const v1Uuid = 'd9428888-122b-11e1-b85c-61cd3cbb3210';
const v4Uuid = '109156be-c4fb-41ea-b1b4-efe1671c5836';

uuidValidateV4(v4Uuid); // ⇨ true
uuidValidateV4(v1Uuid); // ⇨ false

uuid.version(str)

Detect RFC version of a UUID

str	A valid UUID String
returns	Number The RFC version of the UUID
throws	TypeError if str is not a valid UUID

Example:

import { version as uuidVersion } from 'uuid';

uuidVersion('45637ec4-c85f-11ea-87d0-0242ac130003'); // ⇨ 1
uuidVersion('6ec0bd7f-11c0-43da-975e-2a8ad9ebae0b'); // ⇨ 4