继承

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; //定义抽象基类Shape 
class Shape 
{ 
public: 
    virtual double area() const =0;            //纯虚函数 
}; 

//定义Circle类 
class Circle:public Shape 
{ 
public: 
    Circle(double r):radius(r){}                                     //结构函数 
    virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;};   //定义虚函数 
protected: 
    double radius;                                                 //半径 
}; 

//定义Rectangle类 
class Rectangle:public Shape 
{ 
public: 
    Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}               //结构函数 
    virtual double area() const {return width*height;}              //定义虚函数   
protected: 
    double width,height;                                           //宽与高 
}; 

class Triangle:public Shape 
{ 
public: 
    Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}                //结构函数 
    virtual double area() const {return 0.5*width*height;}          //定义虚函数 
protected: 
    double width,height;                                            //宽与高 
}; 

int main() 
{ 
    Circle c1(12.6),c2(4.9);                                              //建立Circle类对象c1,c2,参数为圆半径 
    Rectangle r1(4.5,8.4),r2(5.0,2.5);                                    //建立Rectangle类对象r1,r2,参数为矩形长、宽 
    Triangle t1(4.5,8.4),t2(3.4,2.8);                                     //建立Triangle类对象t1,t2，参数为三角形底边长与高 
    Shape *pt[6]={&c1,&c2,&r1,&r2,&t1,&t2};   
    //定义基类指针数组pt，使它每一个元素指向一个派生类对象 
    double areas=0.0;                                                //areas为总面积 
    for(int i=0;i<6;i++) 
    { 
        areas=areas+pt[i]->area(); 
    } 
    cout<<"totol of all areas="<<areas<<endl;   //输出总面积 
 
    return 0; 
}