RadioButton使用方法

学一点，记一点。

要点

• 一组Radio Button放到一个Radio Group中；
• 如果Radio Button很多，就考虑是否Spinner更合适
• 事件处理有多种方式，如RadioGroup的OnCheckedChangeListener。

示例

效果

功能

选择某一个Radio Button之后，下面一个TextView显示选择结果。

布局文件 my_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <RadioGroup
        android:id="@+id/radio_group"
        android:layout_width="457dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radio_first"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:checked="true"
            android:text="@string/first" />

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radio_second"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/second" />

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radio_third"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/third" />
    </RadioGroup>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/select_result"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

</LinearLayout>

代码

省略掉自动生成的代码。

private RadioGroup radioGroup = null;
private TextView textView = null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.my_layout);

    radioGroup = (RadioGroup) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_group);
    textView = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.select_result);
    textView.setText(getSelectedInfo());

    radioGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new OnCheckedChangeListener() {
        public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
            textView.setText(getSelectedInfo(checkedId));
        }
    });

}

private String getSelectedInfo() {
    int checkedId = radioGroup.getCheckedRadioButtonId();
    return getSelectedInfo(checkedId);
}

private String getSelectedInfo(int checkedId) {
    String selected = "Unknown selection!";

    switch (checkedId) {
    case R.id.radio_first:
        selected = "First was selected.";
        break;
    case R.id.radio_second:
        selected = "Second was selected.";
        break;
    case R.id.radio_third:
        selected = "Third was selected.";
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

    return selected;
}

事件处理

上面的示例是为RadioGroup对象注册OnCheckedChangeListener。此外，还可以直接为每个Radio Button注册listener。接下来详细描述。

RadioButton事件处理

可以为Radio Button注册CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener。

代码一

private RadioButton firstRadio = null;
private RadioButton secondRadio = null;
private RadioButton thirdRadio = null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.my_layout);

    firstRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_first);
    secondRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_second);
    thirdRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_third);

    firstRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new MyListener("First"));
    secondRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new MyListener("Second"));
    thirdRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new MyListener("Third"));
}

private class MyListener implements CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener {
    private String radioName = null;

    public MyListener(String theRadioName) {
        radioName = theRadioName;
    }

    public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,
            boolean isChecked) {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, radioName + " checked:" + isChecked, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

实际运行发现，被选中的Radio Button会先处理，显示：xxx checked: true；失去焦点的Radio Button之后处理，显示：xxx checked: false。

注意到，这里通过ctor传入一个标识符，说明当前的事件处理是哪个Radio Button的。显然，这种方式的通用性并不好。

代码二

下面是等价的一种方式：

private RadioButton firstRadio = null;
private RadioButton secondRadio = null;
private RadioButton thirdRadio = null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.my_layout);

    firstRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_first);
    secondRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_second);
    thirdRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_third);

    MyListener listener = new MyListener();
    firstRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(listener);
    secondRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(listener);
    thirdRadio.setOnCheckedChangeListener(listener);
}

private String getRadioName(int id) {
    switch (id) {
    case R.id.radio_first: return "First";
    case R.id.radio_second: return "Second";
    case R.id.radio_third: return "Third";
    default: return "Unknown";
    }
}

private class MyListener implements CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener {
    public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,
            boolean isChecked) {
        String radioName = getRadioName(buttonView.getId());
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, radioName + " checked:" + isChecked, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

xml中定义事件

在docs/guide/topics/ui/controls/radiobutton.html中提到在xml中定义Radio Button的事件处理。

xml

在每个RadioButton中增加一个属性：

android:onClick="onRadioButtonClicked"

即变成下面的样子：

<RadioGroup
    android:id="@+id/radio_group"
    android:layout_width="457dp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <RadioButton
        android:id="@+id/radio_first"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:checked="true"
        android:text="@string/first"
        android:onClick="onRadioButtonClicked" />

    <RadioButton
        android:id="@+id/radio_second"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/second"
        android:onClick="onRadioButtonClicked" />

    <RadioButton
        android:id="@+id/radio_third"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/third"
        android:onClick="onRadioButtonClicked" />
</RadioGroup>

代码

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.my_layout);
}

private String getRadioName(int id) {
    switch (id) {
    case R.id.radio_first: return "First";
    case R.id.radio_second: return "Second";
    case R.id.radio_third: return "Third";
    default: return "Unknown";
    }
}

public void onRadioButtonClicked(View view) {
    boolean checked = ((RadioButton) view).isChecked();
    String radioName = getRadioName(view.getId());

    Toast.makeText(this, radioName + " checked:" + checked, 
            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

运行效果

当选中某个Radio Button的时候，会触发事件。失去焦点的不会触发事件，——因为是OnClick类型的事件，而不是OnCheckedChanged。

所以，这种方法比前一种要简洁得多。

在代码中注册OnClickListener

另外一种等价方式就是直接在代码中为RadioButton注册OnClickListener对象。

为此，在xml中删除前面添加的属性，然后代码改成如下的样子：

private RadioButton firstRadio = null;
private RadioButton secondRadio = null;
private RadioButton thirdRadio = null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.my_layout);

    OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener() {

        public void onClick(View view) {
            boolean checked = ((RadioButton) view).isChecked();
            String radioName = getRadioName(view.getId());

            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, radioName + " checked:" + checked, 
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

    };

    firstRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_first);
    secondRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_second);
    thirdRadio = (RadioButton) this.findViewById(R.id.radio_third);

    firstRadio.setOnClickListener(listener);
    secondRadio.setOnClickListener(listener);
    thirdRadio.setOnClickListener(listener);
}

private String getRadioName(int id) {
    switch (id) {
    case R.id.radio_first: return "First";
    case R.id.radio_second: return "Second";
    case R.id.radio_third: return "Third";
    default: return "Unknown";
    }
}

对比分析

以下两种方法比较好：

• 为Radio Group注册OnCheckedChangeListener
• 为Radio Button注册OnClickListener

注意点：OnXyzListener会在不同的class中存在，有时候需要认真区分，必要情况下用ClassName.OnXyzListener的方式来引用。