JDK URLConnection示例

代码参考Core Java II Chapter 3 Networking - Making URL Connections

发现在GET的时候，不加connect()调用也行，网上有各种讨论，但暂未找到较好的答案。

package com.example.http;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
         try {
             testHttpGet();
             testHttpPost();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
    }

    private static void testHttpGet() throws IOException {
        String urlString = null;
        urlString = "http://www.baidu.com";

        URL url = null;
        url = new URL(urlString);
        URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
        //connection.connect();

        debugHeaderFields(connection);
        debugSomeFunctions(connection);

        Scanner in = null;
        try {
            in = new Scanner(connection.getInputStream());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return;
        }

        // print first 30 lines of contents
        for (int n = 1; in.hasNextLine() && n <= 30; n++) {
           System.out.println(in.nextLine());
        }

        if (in.hasNextLine()) System.out.println(". . .");

        in.close();
    }

    private static void debugSomeFunctions(URLConnection connection) {
        System.out.println("Some convenience functions:");
        System.out.println("----------");
        System.out.println("getContentType: " + connection.getContentType());
        System.out.println("getContentLength: " + connection.getContentLength());
        System.out.println("getContentEncoding: " + connection.getContentEncoding());
        System.out.println("getDate: " + connection.getDate());
        System.out.println("getExpiration: " + connection.getExpiration());
        System.out.println("getLastModifed: " + connection.getLastModified());
        System.out.println("----------");
    }

    private static void debugHeaderFields(URLConnection connection) {
        Map<String, List<String>> headers = connection.getHeaderFields();
        System.out.println("Header fields:");
        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
           String key = entry.getKey();
           for (String value : entry.getValue()) {
              System.out.println(key + ": " + value);
           }
        }
    }

    private static void testHttpPost() throws IOException {
        String urlString = null;
        urlString = "http://...";
        URL url = new URL(urlString);
        URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();

        connection.setDoOutput(true);
        Map<String, String> nameValuePairs = new HashMap<String, String>();
        nameValuePairs.put("key1", "value1");
        nameValuePairs.put("key2", "value2");
        //additional parameters ...

        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
        boolean first = true;
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> pair : nameValuePairs.entrySet())
        {
            if (first) first = false;
            else out.print('&');
            String name = pair.getKey();
            String value = pair.getValue();
            out.print(name);
            out.print('=');
            out.print(URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8"));
        }

        out.close();

        connection.connect();

        debugHeaderFields(connection);
        debugSomeFunctions(connection);

        Scanner in = null;
        StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
        in = new Scanner(connection.getInputStream());

        while (in.hasNextLine()) {
           response.append(in.nextLine());
           response.append("\n");
        }

        in.close();

        System.out.println("Response:");
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}