STP 1 - Spanning Tree Protocol and BPDU packets - 生成树协议和 BPDU 数据包

 

STP - Spanning Tree Protocol 生成树协议 // IEEE 802.1D

BPDU - Bridge Packet Data Unit

 

生成树协议用于建立一个没有环路的拓扑。基本概念就是利用交换机之间互相交换BPDU数据包，使之甄别出冗余链接。

基本来讲，要经过几个程序：

1. Root Bridge Election - 选择根桥，以此为前提来分析之后的拓扑 // smaller priority <<< smaller MAC address

2. Root Port Election - 非根桥端口选择根端口 （拥有到达根桥的最优路径 & 根桥 root path cost = 0）

3. Designated Port Election - 非根桥之间的连接，选择Designated port // maller root path cost <<< smaller BPDU sender bridge ID // all rest port will be in blocked

 

STP定义了五种不同的端口状态：

• disabled

• listening

• learning

• blocking

• forwarding

STP (802.1D) Port State	RSTP (802.1w) Port State	Is Port Included in Active Topology?	Is Port Learning MAC Addresses?
Disabled	Discarding	No