完整简单的springboot crud操作

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-13 00:00:00 发布

zhaoxiangchao

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-13 00:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： springboot 文章标签： java springboot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013350170/article/details/53157972

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一：springboot简单介绍

现在的web项目几乎都会用到spring框架，而要使用spring难免需要配置大量的xml配置文件，而springboot的出现解决了这一问题，一个项目甚至不用部署到服务器上直接开跑，真像springboot所说：“just run”。

org.spring 2013年新开发的框架springboot , 它让一个单独项目的创建变得更加的简单，让所有依赖spring的程序可以做到“just run”。springboot提供大量第三方libraries让我们可以非常轻松的开始创建一个spring工程，甚至不需要再去配置一些繁琐的xml配置文件

Spring官方网站本身使用Spring框架开发，随着功能以及业务逻辑的日益复杂，应用伴随着大量的XML配置文件以及复杂的Bean依赖关系。随着Spring 3.0的发布，Spring IO团队逐渐开始摆脱XML配置文件，并且在开发过程中大量使用“约定优先配置”（convention over configuration）的思想来摆脱Spring框架中各类繁复纷杂的配置（即时是Java Config）。

Spring Boot正是在这样的一个背景下被抽象出来的开发框架，它本身并不提供Spring框架的核心特性以及扩展功能，只是用于快速、敏捷地开发新一代基于Spring框架的应用程序。也就是说，它并不是用来替代Spring的解决方案，而是和Spring框架紧密结合用于提升Spring开发者体验的工具。同时它集成了大量常用的第三方库配置（例如Jackson, JDBC, Mongo, Redis, Mail等等），Spring Boot应用中这些第三方库几乎可以零配置的开箱即用（out-of-the-box），大部分的Spring Boot应用都只需要非常少量的配置代码，开发者能够更加专注于业务逻辑。

框架特点：

1：创建独立的spring应用。

2：嵌入Tomcat, Jetty Undertow 而且不需要部署他们。

3：提供的“starters”poms来简化Maven配置

4：尽可能自动配置spring应用。

5：提供生产指标,健壮检查和外部化配置

6：绝对没有代码生成和XML配置要求

二：我的构建环境

JDK 7

Maven 3

Servlet3容器

三：开发第一个springboot应用 Hello Word!

创建项目

首先使用Maven创建一个普通Maven应用即可，不必是web的。

配置pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.tianmaying</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-web-demo</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <name>spring-web-demo</name>
  <description>Demo project for Spring WebMvc</description>
  <!-- 父依赖 -->
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/>
  </parent>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
     <!-- 这里一定要配置上java的版本，如果是1.7版本的可不用配置 -->
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  <!-- mysql -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
  
    <plugins>
     <!--如果是通过parent方式继承spring-boot-starter-parent则不用此插件-->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

编写一个类包含处理HTTP请求的方法以及一个main()函数：

package boot;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class Application {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String greeting() {
        return "Hello World!";
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}
}

启动这个main函数，出现以下以下信息表示启动成功：

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.2.5.RELEASE)

2016-11-14 13:48:06.128  INFO 6492 --- [           main] boot.Application                         : Starting Application on Zones-LR with PID 6492 (D:\Workspaces2014\springbootdemo\target\classes started by sks in D:\Workspaces2014\springbootdemo)
2016-11-14 13:48:06.165  INFO 6492 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@58b942f7: startup date [Mon Nov 14 13:48:06 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-11-14 13:48:06.733  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory     : Overriding bean definition for bean 'beanNameViewResolver': replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]]
2016-11-14 13:48:07.357  INFO 6492 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration' of type [class org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$44d92cf0] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
2016-11-14 13:48:07.377  INFO 6492 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'transactionAttributeSource' of type [class org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
2016-11-14 13:48:07.383  INFO 6492 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'transactionInterceptor' of type [class org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
2016-11-14 13:48:07.386  INFO 6492 --- [           main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdvisor' of type [class org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
2016-11-14 13:48:07.846  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-11-14 13:48:08.036  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service Tomcat
2016-11-14 13:48:08.037  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.23
2016-11-14 13:48:08.126  INFO 6492 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2016-11-14 13:48:08.126  INFO 6492 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1963 ms
2016-11-14 13:48:08.649  INFO 6492 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean        : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2016-11-14 13:48:08.652  INFO 6492 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2016-11-14 13:48:08.652  INFO 6492 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2016-11-14 13:48:08.947  INFO 6492 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Building JPA container EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2016-11-14 13:48:08.954  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
	name: default
	...]
2016-11-14 13:48:09.008  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.3.10.Final}
2016-11-14 13:48:09.009  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment            : HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
2016-11-14 13:48:09.010  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment            : HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
2016-11-14 13:48:09.146  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version   : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.5.Final}
2016-11-14 13:48:09.392  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect            : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
2016-11-14 13:48:09.471  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.h.h.i.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory    : HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
2016-11-14 13:48:09.647  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate  : HHH000228: Running hbm2ddl schema update
2016-11-14 13:48:09.647  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate  : HHH000102: Fetching database metadata
2016-11-14 13:48:09.648  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate  : HHH000396: Updating schema
2016-11-14 13:48:09.663  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata   : HHH000261: Table found: springboot.user
2016-11-14 13:48:09.664  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata   : HHH000037: Columns: [id, name]
2016-11-14 13:48:09.664  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata   : HHH000108: Foreign keys: []
2016-11-14 13:48:09.664  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata   : HHH000126: Indexes: [primary]
2016-11-14 13:48:09.664  INFO 6492 --- [           main] org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate  : HHH000232: Schema update complete
2016-11-14 13:48:10.014  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@58b942f7: startup date [Mon Nov 14 13:48:06 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
2016-11-14 13:48:10.071  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto public java.lang.String boot.Application.greeting()
2016-11-14 13:48:10.072  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/getbyname]}" onto public java.lang.String boot.UserController.getByName(java.lang.String)
2016-11-14 13:48:10.072  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/save]}" onto public java.lang.String boot.UserController.save()
2016-11-14 13:48:10.072  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/delete]}" onto public java.lang.String boot.UserController.delete()
2016-11-14 13:48:10.073  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/update]}" onto public java.lang.String boot.UserController.update()
2016-11-14 13:48:10.074  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2016-11-14 13:48:10.075  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2016-11-14 13:48:10.098  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-11-14 13:48:10.099  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-11-14 13:48:10.138  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2016-11-14 13:48:10.280  INFO 6492 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2016-11-14 13:48:10.347  INFO 6492 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2016-11-14 13:48:10.348  INFO 6492 --- [           main] boot.Application                         : Started Application in 4.431 seconds (JVM running for 4.674)

访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/，出现以下信息：

以上是简单的下实例，下面介绍简单的crud操作

由于上文pom.xml文件中已配置mysql所需的jar,所以直接写类即可

新建一个user实体类：

package boot;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import com.sun.istack.internal.NotNull;

@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	private long id;
	@NotNull
	private String name;

	public User() {
	}

	public User(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name = "ID", nullable = false, precision = 10, scale = 0)
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	@Column(name = "name")
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

新建一个UserDao:

package boot;

import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Transactional
public interface UserDao extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
  public User findByName(String name);
/*  public User save(User user);
  public User update(User user);*/
  public void delete(User user);
}

新建UserController：

package boot;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class UserController {
	@Autowired
	public UserDao userDao;
    @RequestMapping("/getbyname")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getByName(String name) {
      String userId;
      User user = userDao.findByName(name);
      if (user != null) {
        userId = String.valueOf(user.getId());
        return "The user id is: " + userId;
      }
      return "user " + name + " is not exist.";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/save")
    @ResponseBody
    public String save() {
    	User user = new User();
    	user.setName("张三");
      User user2 = userDao.save(user);
      if (user != null) {
        return "The user id is: " + user2.getId();
      }
      return "user id is not exist.";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/update")
    @ResponseBody
    public String update() {
    	User user = new User();
    	user.setId(1);
    	user.setName("李四");
      User user2 = userDao.save(user);
      if (user != null) {
        return "The user id is: " + user2.getId();
      }
      return "user id is not exist.";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/delete")
    @ResponseBody
    public String delete() {
    	User user = new User();
    	user.setId(2);
      userDao.delete(user);
      return "执行了删除操作";
    }
    
  }

准备一个数据库配置文件application.properties：

spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
spring.datasource.username = root
spring.datasource.password = 
spring.datasource.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# Specify the DBMS
spring.jpa.database = MYSQL
# Show or not log for each sql query
spring.jpa.show-sql = true
# Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, update)
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update
# Naming strategy
spring.jpa.hibernate.naming-strategy = org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy

# stripped before adding them to the entity manager)
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect =org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

建表sql:

CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(3) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

至此springboot crud开发完毕！

运行Application.java main方法以后访问：http://127.0.0.1:8080/save 等，进行数据库操作。