spring源码：入口

概述

我相信很多人都像我一样迷惑，spring到底从哪里开始看，大多数视频，资料等，讲述从 AbstractWebApplicationContext.refresh 方法开始看，或给出一个这样的例子，

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("services.xml", "daos.xml");

开始debug，但仔细想一想，我们的项目是放在 tomcat 中运行的，tomcat 是如何加载 spring 的？又是怎么调用 refresh 方法的？是什么标志 spring 已经被启动？这些问题我们接下来深入了解。

寻找入口

在 web.xml 中，我们要配置一个监听器：ContextLoaderListener。关于 tomcat 是如何加载 web.xml，并启动监听器的，大家自己百度下，没有研究过 tomcat 源码就不做叙述了，到时候抽时间会给大家补上。

这段注释说明了此处关联了 spring，意思是说：辅助监听启动和关闭 spring 的根（WebApplicationContext），简单地依托 ContextLoader 和 ContextCleanupListener。自从 spring3.1起，支持注入底层应用上下文，凭借ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext) 构造函数。在Servlet3.0+环境中允许编程式配置。

提到的构造函数：

/**
	 * Create a new {@code ContextLoaderListener} with the given application context. This
	 * constructor is useful in Servlet 3.0+ environments where instance-based
	 * registration of listeners is possible through the {@link javax.servlet.ServletContext#addListener}
	 * API.
	 * <p>The context may or may not yet be {@linkplain
	 * org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh() refreshed}. If it
	 * (a) is an implementation of {@link ConfigurableWebApplicationContext} and
	 * (b) has <strong>not</strong> already been refreshed (the recommended approach),
	 * then the following will occur:
	 * <ul>
	 * <li>If the given context has not already been assigned an {@linkplain
	 * org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#setId id}, one will be assigned to it</li>
	 * <li>{@code ServletContext} and {@code ServletConfig} objects will be delegated to
	 * the application context</li>
	 * <li>{@link #customizeContext} will be called</li>
	 * <li>Any {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer ApplicationContextInitializer org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer ApplicationContextInitializers}
	 * specified through the "contextInitializerClasses" init-param will be applied.</li>
	 * <li>{@link org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh refresh()} will be called</li>
	 * </ul>
	 * If the context has already been refreshed or does not implement
	 * {@code ConfigurableWebApplicationContext}, none of the above will occur under the
	 * assumption that the user has performed these actions (or not) per his or her
	 * specific needs.
	 * <p>See {@link org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer} for usage examples.
	 * <p>In any case, the given application context will be registered into the
	 * ServletContext under the attribute name {@link
	 * WebApplicationContext#ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE} and the Spring
	 * application context will be closed when the {@link #contextDestroyed} lifecycle
	 * method is invoked on this listener.
	 * @param context the application context to manage
	 * @see #contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent)
	 * @see #contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent)
	 */
	public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
		super(context);
	}

英文不是很好，你们用有道词典试着翻译下，我们在浏览的过程中看到有许多 servlet 相关的东西，如果不熟悉看下 servlet3.1规范。我们学习源码以官方文档为主！！！

进入父类（ContextLoader）构造方法：

public ContextLoader(WebApplicationContext context) {
	this.context = context;
}

到这里大家可能会疑惑，在哪里启动？ 当 tomcat 加载监听器时，会进行初始化，找到初始化函数 ContextLoaderListener.contextinitialized 函数：

/**
* Initialize the root web application context.
*/
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
	initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}

进入父类的 ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext 函数：

/**
	 * Initialize Spring's web application context for the given servlet context,
	 * using the application context provided at construction time, or creating a new one
	 * according to the "{@link #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM contextClass}" and
	 * "{@link #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM contextConfigLocation}" context-params.
	 * @param servletContext current servlet context
	 * @return the new WebApplicationContext
	 * @see #ContextLoader(WebApplicationContext)
	 * @see #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM
	 * @see #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM
	 */
	public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
		if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
					"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
		}

		servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
		Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
			// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
			if (this.context == null) {
				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
			}
			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
						// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
						ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
						cwac.setParent(parent);
					}
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
				}
			}
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

			ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
			if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
				currentContext = this.context;
			}
			else if (ccl != null) {
				currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
			}

			if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
				long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
				logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext initialized in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
			}

			return this.context;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
			logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
			throw ex;
		}
	}

其中有两个主要方法，createWebApplicationContext 和 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext，这里不细述这些逻辑，主要是找到 spring 的入口，等学 springmvc 时我们再回来细说。

/**
 * Instantiate the root WebApplicationContext for this loader, either the
 * default context class or a custom context class if specified.
 * <p>This implementation expects custom contexts to implement the
 * {@link ConfigurableWebApplicationContext} interface.
 * Can be overridden in subclasses.
 * <p>In addition, {@link #customizeContext} gets called prior to refreshing the
 * context, allowing subclasses to perform custom modifications to the context.
 * @param sc current servlet context
 * @return the root WebApplicationContext
 * @see ConfigurableWebApplicationContext
 */
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
	Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
	if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
		throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
				"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
	}
	return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}

BeanUtils.instantiateClass 方法主要用到了反射，返回一个 contextClass 类型的类并强转成 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext 类型。

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
	if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
		// The application context id is still set to its original default value
		// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
		String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
		if (idParam != null) {
			wac.setId(idParam);
		}
		else {
			// Generate default id...
			wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
					ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
		}
	}

	wac.setServletContext(sc);
	String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
	if (configLocationParam != null) {
		wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
	}

	// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
	// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
	// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
	ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
	if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
		((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
	}

	customizeContext(sc, wac);
	wac.refresh();
}

wac.refresh 方法会跳入 AbstractApplicationContext.refrsh 中，我们算是找到了spring的入口。