如何使用WKWebView
由于目前iOS7.0使用用户已经低于5%,大多数公司的项目的最低版本要求已经是8.0以上了,如果你还在使用UIWebView以及JavaScriptCore进行js交互的话,是时候试试WKWebView了。
- WKWebView的内存开销要比UIWebView小很多
- 拥有高达60FPS滚动刷新率及内置手势
- 支持了更多的HTML5特性
- html页面和WKWebView交互更方便
- Safari相同的JavaScript引擎
- 提供常用的属性,如加载网页进度的属性estimatedProgress
基本使用
1.引入头文件
#import <WebKit/WebKit.h>
2.初始化
// 初始化1
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame;
// 初始化2,WKWebViewConfiguration可以用来设置与js交互的相关配置
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame configuration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration
3.加载页面
WKWebView *webview = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds configuration:config];
[webview loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSUrl urlWIthString:@"https://www.baidu.com"]]];
4.代理
4.1.WKNavigationDelegate
//和UIWebView中类似
//页面开始加载时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation;
// 当内容开始到达时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation;
// 页面加载完成之后调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation;
// 页面加载失败时调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation;
//收到服务器重定向请求后调用
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation;
// 在收到响应开始加载后,决定是否跳转
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler;
// 在请求开始加载之前调用,决定是否跳转
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler;
4.2 WKUIDelegate
- (nullable WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures;
// 在js中调用alert函数时,会调用该方法。
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler
// 在js中调用confirm函数时,会调用该方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL result))completionHandler
// 在js中调用prompt函数时,会调用该方法
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(nullable NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(void (^)(NSString * __nullable result))completionHandler
4.3.WKScriptMessageHandler
//获取js传递的数据
- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message
5.WkWebView与js交互
首先初始化WKWebView并配置js的handler
//1、该对象提供了通过js向web view发送消息的途径
WKUserContentController *userContentController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
//添加在js中操作的对象名称,通过该对象来向web view发送消息
[userContentController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@"FirstJsObect"];
//2、初始化config
WKWebViewConfiguration *config = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc]init]; config.userContentController = userContentController;
//3、通过初试化方法,生成webview对象并完成配置
WKWebView *webview = [[WKWebView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds configuration:config];
前端调用
这里如果想统一iOS和安卓端的前端调用方式,可以规定好一个方法,例如前端如果这样写:FirstJsObject.sendMessage() iOS端可以通过提前注入js代码替换成webkit.messageHandlers.*
//controller是WKUserContentController的实例
//some js function中可以把前端写的代码转化为我们需要的代码
[controller addUserScript:[[WKUserScript alloc] initWithSource:@"some js function" injectionTime:(WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentStart) forMainFrameOnly:YES]];
前端书写或者通过我们转化后的代码大致为:
<script type="text/javascript">
function clickBtn(){
var dict = {"name":"tom","age":"20"};
window.webkit.messageHandlers.FirstJsObect.postMessage(dict);
} </script>
遵循WKScriptMessageHandler协议,实现其唯一必须实现的方法,在该方法中就可获得js向webview传递的数据。
-(void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message {
//这里可以根据方法名区分多个message
NSLog(@"方法名:%@",message.name);
NSLog(@"内容:%@",message.body);
}
6.WKWebView常用属性
estimatedProgress:页面加载进度,使用KVO监听该值。
//添加监听
[webview addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress" options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew) context:nil];
//监听
-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)change context:(void *)context { if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"estimatedProgress"]) {
NSLog(@"%@",change);
}
//移除
-(void)dealloc{ [self.webView removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress"]; }
7.进阶使用
1.解决部分白屏问题
- (void)webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate:(WKWebView *)webView {
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:(self.URLString)]];
[self.webView loadRequest:request];
}
2.实现网页中的第三方app跳转,例如京东商城等
- (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void(^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler {
decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);
if ([navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString containsString:@"openapp"] || [navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString containsString:@"startapp"]) {
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:navigationAction.request.URL];
}
}
3.解决一些非mainFrame的action不加载的问题(例如一些百度的广告不能跳转的问题)
- (WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures {
if (!navigationAction.targetFrame.isMainFrame) {
[webView loadRequest:navigationAction.request];
}
return nil;
}