java中Synchronized关键字加锁操作

java中每一个对象都有一个内部锁

1. 类实例对象锁（普通方法）

    synchronized void transfer01(int[] accounts, int from, int to, int amount) {
        while (accounts[from] < amount) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException exception) {
                exception.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        accounts[from] = accounts[from] - amount;
        accounts[to] = accounts[to] + amount;
        this.notifyAll();
    }

2. 普通对象锁（代码块）

    final Object object = new Object();
    void transfer02(int[] accounts, int from, int to, int amount) {
        synchronized (object) {
            while (accounts[from] < amount) {
                try {
                    object.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException exception) {
                    exception.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            accounts[from] = accounts[from] - amount;
            accounts[to] = accounts[to] + amount;
            object.notifyAll();
        }
    }

3. 类对象锁（静态方法）

    synchronized static void transfer03(int[] accounts, int from, int to, int amount) {
        while (accounts[from] < amount) {
            try {
                ThreadTest.class.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException exception) {
                exception.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        accounts[from] = accounts[from] - amount;
        accounts[to] = accounts[to] + amount;
        ThreadTest.class.notifyAll();
    }

4. 只能在获得对象内部锁的对象上调用wait()、notifyAll()、notify()方法，未获得锁的情况下直接调用会抛出java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException异常

内部锁和条件的局限

1. 不能中断一个正在试图获得锁的线程
2. 试图获得锁时不能设定超时
3. 每个锁仅有单一的条件