Server Configuration1

1.1、Create the database
1.2、Determine and set sizing parameters for database structures
大概步骤：
Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier (SID)==>设置实例id，ORACLE_SID=orcl
Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set==>设置环境变量 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
Step 3: Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method==>密码文件和OS认证，orapwd -h
Step 4: Create the Initialization Parameter File==>最小化参数，db_name,control_files,memory_target
Step 5: Connect to the Instance==>密码文件:sqlplus /nolog connect sys as sysdba;os:connect / as sysdba
Step 7: Create a Server Parameter File==>create spfile from pfile;
Step 8: Start the Instance==>startup nomount;
Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement;==>一些文件夹必须存在
Step 10: Create Additional Tablespaces==>create tablespace xxx loggin datafile xxx size xxx reuse autoextend on next xxx maxsize unlimited extent managment local;
Step 11: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views
CATALOG.SQL     Creates the views of the data dictionary tables, the dynamic performance views, and public synonyms for many of the views. Grants PUBLIC access to the synonyms.
CATPROC.SQL     Runs all scripts required for or used with PL/SQL.
PUPBLD.SQL     Required for SQL*Plus. Enables SQL*Plus to disable commands by user.--此脚本可以不用，但是，如果考试有需要，建议跑一下
Step 12: (Optional) Run Scripts to Install Additional Options==>启动mount下,修改归档参数，开启归档
Step 13: Back Up the Database.==>为了快速，exp，rman，注意恢复

注意要配置ORACLE_BASE，否则会出现一些日志的信息跑到db_home目录下面去
[oracle@vm010148 oracle]$ source ~/.bash_profile
[oracle@vm010148 oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl11g
[oracle@vm010148 oracle]$ more ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home
export PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_home/bin:$PATH
export PATH

生成密码文件，后面利用密码文件方式来做验证来访问数据
[oracle@vm010148 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapworcl11g password=oracle entries=10
[oracle@vm010148 dbs]$ ll
总计 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 2009-05-15 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 08-15 16:14 orapworcl11g

配置最小化参数文件，一些参数文件可以通过后面补充，
[oracle@vm010148 dbs]$ more initorcl11g.ora
db_name='orcl11g'
memory_target=1G
control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cf/ora_control1)

登陆数据，利用pfile产生spfile，并且启动到nomount阶段
[oracle@vm010148 dbs]$
[oracle@vm010148 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Aug 15 16:18:15 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
SQL> connect sys as sysdba
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"


SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
[oracle@vm010148 dbs]$ ll
总计 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 2009-05-15 init.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   93 08-15 16:17 initorcl11g.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 08-15 16:14 orapworcl11g
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 08-15 16:18 spfileorcl11g.ora


SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size                  2235208 bytes
Variable Size             629146808 bytes
Database Buffers          432013312 bytes
Redo Buffers                5541888 byte


利用如下脚本，创建数据库，在数据库创建成功后会自动open数据库，
CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 512M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
      
==>可以通过后台日志，观察一些信息
CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY ****USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY ****LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 512M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Lost write protection disabled
Fri Aug 15 17:01:31 2014
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 962559399
Assigning activation ID 962559399 (0x395f7da7)
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 1
  Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo01a.log
  Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 1: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo01b.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Fri Aug 15 17:01:31 2014
SMON: enabling cache recovery
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dcore.bsq
create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 512M REUSE
   
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online
Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 512M REUSE
   
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online
create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
  storage (initial 50K next 50K)
UNDO_SEG_CRT: Could not find usn tail
Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
  storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:2997441564 end:2997441564 diff:0 (0 seconds)
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsqlddl.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dmanage.bsq
CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ONLINE
Fri Aug 15 17:01:38 2014
Completed: CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ONLINE
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dplsql.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtxnspc.bsq
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
[31854] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   
Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
CREATE  TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
Completed: CREATE  TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE  '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dfmap.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/denv.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/drac.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsec.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/doptim.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dobj.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/djava.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dpart.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/drep.bsq
Fri Aug 15 17:01:48 2014
processing ?/rdbms/admin/daw.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsummgt.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtools.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dexttab.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddm.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dlmnr.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddst.bsq
Fri Aug 15 17:01:51 2014
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Starting background process SMCO
Fri Aug 15 17:01:51 2014
SMCO started with pid=18, OS id=32004
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
Fri Aug 15 17:01:51 2014
QMNC started with pid=19, OS id=32006
Completed: CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY ****USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY ****LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/redologfile/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 512M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/datafile/orcl11g/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
      
修改归档位置，关闭数据库，并且启动到mount状态，修改为归档模式    
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archivelogfile' scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=1g scope=spfile;
System altered.
截止此处，完成了对日志模式的修改，并且打开数据库
Completed: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Fri Aug 15 17:06:26 2014
alter database archivelog
Completed: alter database archivelog
Fri Aug 15 17:06:46 2014
alter database open
Fri Aug 15 17:06:46 2014

生成系统数据字典视图，动态性能视图，等操作
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql==>较快
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql==>需要一些时间，期间可以做其他的事

修改非自动扩展的数据文件为自动扩展，
SQL> alter database datafile 2 autoextend on;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database datafile 1 autoextend on;
Database altered.

利用copy数据文件的方式，冷备整个数据库，打包放在安全的地方
首先，关闭数据库
tar | gzip方式来做