android学习 --数据库操作

转载自 http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1325160000889.html

Android 提供了三种数据存储方式，第一种是文件存储;第二种是SharedPreferences存储;第三种就是数据库SQLiteDatabase存储。文件存储我就不用多说了，而SharedPreferences可以存取简单的数据(int,double,float.etc)，它经常用于数据缓存，因为它读取存储简单。详细可以参见本系列。Android高手进阶教程(七)之----Android 中Preferences的使用!

今天我们将讲一下SQLiteDatabase的使用。而掌握SqliteDatabase，将会我们接下来掌握ContentProvider打下良好的基石。为了让大家更好的掌握，我们手把手完成该节的Demo。

第一步：新建一个Android工程，命名为SQLiteDatabaseDemo.

 

第二步:创建一个新的类BooksDB.java这个类要继承于android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper抽象类，我们要实现其中两个方法：onCreate(),onUpdate.具体代码如下：

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package com.android.tutor; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; public class BooksDB  extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private final static String DATABASE_NAME =  "BOOKS.db" ; private final static int DATABASE_VERSION =  1 ; private final static String TABLE_NAME =  "books_table" ; public final static String BOOK_ID =  "book_id" ; public final static String BOOK_NAME =  "book_name" ; public final static String BOOK_AUTHOR =  "book_author" ;   public BooksDB(Context context) { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub super (context, DATABASE_NAME,  null , DATABASE_VERSION); } //创建table @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { String sql =  "CREATE TABLE " + TABLE_NAME +  " (" + BOOK_ID +  " INTEGER primary key autoincrement, " + BOOK_NAME +  " text, " + BOOK_AUTHOR + " text);" ; db.execSQL(sql); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db,  int oldVersion,  int newVersion) { String sql =  "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME; db.execSQL(sql); onCreate(db); }   public Cursor select() { SQLiteDatabase db =  this .getReadableDatabase(); Cursor cursor = db .query(TABLE_NAME,  null ,  null ,  null ,  null ,  null ,  null ); return cursor; } //增加操作 public long insert(String bookname,String author) { SQLiteDatabase db =  this .getWritableDatabase(); /* ContentValues */ ContentValues cv =  new ContentValues(); cv.put(BOOK_NAME, bookname); cv.put(BOOK_AUTHOR, author); long row = db.insert(TABLE_NAME,  null , cv); return row; } //删除操作 public void delete( int id) { SQLiteDatabase db =  this .getWritableDatabase(); String where = BOOK_ID +  " = ?" ; String[] whereValue ={ Integer.toString(id) }; db.delete(TABLE_NAME, where, whereValue); } //修改操作 public void update( int id, String bookname,String author) { SQLiteDatabase db =  this .getWritableDatabase(); String where = BOOK_ID +  " = ?" ; String[] whereValue = { Integer.toString(id) };   ContentValues cv =  new ContentValues(); cv.put(BOOK_NAME, bookname); cv.put(BOOK_AUTHOR, author); db.update(TABLE_NAME, cv, where, whereValue); } }

第三步:修改main.xml布局如下，由两个EditText和一个ListView组成，代码如下:

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"   android:orientation = "vertical" android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "fill_parent" > < EditText android:id = "@+id/bookname" android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "wrap_content"   > </ EditText > < EditText android:id = "@+id/author" android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" > </ EditText > < ListView android:id = "@+id/bookslist"   android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" > </ ListView > </ LinearLayout >

第四步:修改SQLiteDatabaseDemo.java代码如下:

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package com.android.tutor; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.database.Cursor; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.BaseAdapter; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class SQLiteDatabaseDemo  extends Activity  implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener { private BooksDB mBooksDB; private Cursor mCursor; private EditText BookName; private EditText BookAuthor; private ListView BooksList;   private int BOOK_ID =  0 ; protected final static int MENU_ADD = Menu.FIRST; protected final static int MENU_DELETE = Menu.FIRST +  1 ; protected final static int MENU_UPDATE = Menu.FIRST +  2 ;   public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); setUpViews(); }   public void setUpViews(){ mBooksDB =  new BooksDB( this ); mCursor = mBooksDB.select();   BookName = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.bookname); BookAuthor = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.author); BooksList = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.bookslist);   BooksList.setAdapter( new BooksListAdapter( this , mCursor)); BooksList.setOnItemClickListener( this ); }   @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { super .onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);   menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_ADD,  0 ,  "ADD" ); menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_DELETE,  0 ,  "DELETE" ); menu.add(Menu.NONE, MENU_DELETE,  0 ,  "UPDATE" ); return true ; }   public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { super .onOptionsItemSelected(item); switch (item.getItemId()) { case MENU_ADD: add(); break ; case MENU_DELETE: delete(); break ; case MENU_UPDATE: update(); break ; } return true ; }   public void add(){ String bookname = BookName.getText().toString(); String author = BookAuthor.getText().toString(); //书名和作者都不能为空，或者退出 if (bookname.equals( "" ) || author.equals( "" )){ return ; } mBooksDB.insert(bookname, author); mCursor.requery(); BooksList.invalidateViews(); BookName.setText( "" ); BookAuthor.setText( "" ); Toast.makeText( this ,  "Add Successed!" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }   public void delete(){ if (BOOK_ID ==  0 ) { return ; } mBooksDB.delete(BOOK_ID); mCursor.requery(); BooksList.invalidateViews(); BookName.setText( "" ); BookAuthor.setText( "" ); Toast.makeText( this ,  "Delete Successed!" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }   public void update(){ String bookname = BookName.getText().toString(); String author = BookAuthor.getText().toString(); //书名和作者都不能为空，或者退出 if (bookname.equals( "" ) || author.equals( "" )){ return ; } mBooksDB.update(BOOK_ID, bookname, author); mCursor.requery(); BooksList.invalidateViews(); BookName.setText( "" ); BookAuthor.setText( "" ); Toast.makeText( this ,  "Update Successed!" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }   @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,  int position,  long id) {   mCursor.moveToPosition(position); BOOK_ID = mCursor.getInt( 0 ); BookName.setText(mCursor.getString( 1 )); BookAuthor.setText(mCursor.getString( 2 ));   }   public class BooksListAdapter  extends BaseAdapter{ private Context mContext; private Cursor mCursor; public BooksListAdapter(Context context,Cursor cursor) {   mContext = context; mCursor = cursor; } @Override public int getCount() { return mCursor.getCount(); } @Override public Object getItem( int position) { return null ; } @Override public long getItemId( int position) { return 0 ; } @Override public View getView( int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { TextView mTextView =  new TextView(mContext); mCursor.moveToPosition(position); mTextView.setText(mCursor.getString( 1 ) +  "___" + mCursor.getString( 2 )); return mTextView; }   } }

第五步:运行程序效果如下:

 

 

 

 

 

第六步：查看我们所建的数据库。有两种方法：第一种用命令查看：adb shell ls data/data/com.android.tutor/databases。

另一种方法是用DDMS查看，在data/data下面对应的应用程序的包名 下会有如下数据库，如图所示：