【c++11】tuple

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/aspnet_lyc/article/details/30980465

我们在C++中都用过pair.pair是一种模板类型，其中包含两个数据值，两个数据的类型可以不同.pair可以使用make_pair构造

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. pair<int, string> p = make_pair(1, "a1");  

如果传入的参数为多个，那么就需要嵌套pair，如下代码

// map：含多重嵌套的pair
void Test()
{
	// map<int, tuple<string, string, string>> 
	map<int, pair<string, pair<string, string>>> m; 

	auto temp1(make_pair("b1", "c1"));
//	assert(typeid(temp1) == typeid(pair<string, string>)); // assert(false);
//	assert(typeid(temp1) == typeid(pair<char const*, char const*>));
	auto temp2(make_pair("a1", temp1));
//	assert(typeid(temp2) == typeid(pair<char const*, pair<char const*, char const*> >));
	m.insert(make_pair(2, temp2));

	auto temp3(make_pair("b2", "c2"));
//	assert(typeid(temp3) == typeid(pair<char const*, char const*>));
	auto temp4(make_pair("a2", temp3));
//	assert(typeid(temp4) == typeid(pair<char const*, pair<char const*, char const*> >));
	m.insert(make_pair(1, temp4));

	// 遍历
	for (auto itr1=m.begin(); itr1!=m.end(); itr1++)
	{
//		assert(typeid(itr1) == typeid(map<int, pair<string, pair<string, string> > >::iterator));
		cout << itr1->first << " ";
		auto temp2 = itr1->second;
		cout << temp2.first << " ";
		auto temp1 = temp2.second;
		cout << temp1.first << " ";
		cout << temp1.second << endl;
	}
}

上面的做法明显很麻烦，在C++11中引入了变长参数模板,所以发明了新的数据类型:tuple,tuple是一个N元组,可以传入1个, 2个甚至多个不同类型的数据，避免了嵌套pair的丑陋做法，通过make_tuple()创建元组，通过get<>()来访问元组的元素

Test的等价实现：

// Test的等价实现
void Test2()
{
	map<int, tuple<string, string, string>> m; 

	auto temp1(make_tuple("a1", "b1", "c1"));
//	assert( typeid(temp1) == typeid(tuple<string, string, string>) ); // assert(false);
//	assert(typeid(temp1) == typeid(tuple<char const*, char const*, char const*>));
	m.insert(make_pair(2, temp1));

	auto temp2(make_tuple("a2", "b2", "c2"));
//	assert(typeid(temp2) == typeid(tuple<char const*, char const*, char const*>));
	m.insert(make_pair(1, temp2));

	// 遍历
	for (auto itr1=m.begin(); itr1!=m.end(); itr1++)
	{
//		assert(typeid(itr1) == typeid(map<int, tuple<string, string, string> >::iterator)); // not const_iterator
		cout << itr1->first << " ";
		auto t1 = itr1->second;
		cout << get<0>(t1) << " " 
			 << get<1>(t1) << " " 
			 << get<2>(t1) << " "
			 << endl;
	}
}

元素是tuple的vector

// 元素是tuple的vector
void Test3()
{
	auto t1 = make_tuple(1, "a1", "b1", "c1");  
//	assert(typeid(t1) == typeid(tuple<int, char const*, char const*, char const*>));
//	cout << typeid(t1).name() << endl; // class std::tuple<...> 
	get<0>(t1) = 10;
	get<2>(t1) = "d3";
	cout << get<0>(t1) << " " 
		 << get<1>(t1) << " " 
		 << get<2>(t1) << " "  
		 << get<3>(t1) << " " 
		 << endl;  

	vector<tuple<int, string, string, string> > tv;  
	tv.push_back(make_tuple(2, "a1", "b1", "c1"));  
	tv.push_back(make_tuple(1, "a2", "b2", "c2"));  

	for (auto itr=tv.begin(); itr!=tv.end(); itr++)  
	{  
//		assert(typeid(itr) == typeid(vector<tuple<int, string, string, string> >::iterator));
		cout << get<0>(*itr) << " "  
			 << get<1>(*itr) << " "
			 << get<2>(*itr) << " " 
			 << get<3>(*itr) << endl;
	} 
}