CompletableFuture类总结)

CompletableFuture类总结


```java
public class CompletableFuture<T> implements Future<T>, CompletionStage<T> {
    // 1、创建一个异步操作:无返回值
	public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable);
    public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable, Executor executor);
    // 创建一个异步操作:有返回值
    public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier);
    public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier, Executor executor);
    
    // 2、计算结果完成时的回调方法:异步线程执行完毕就执行
    public CompletableFuture<T> whenComplete(BiConsumer<? super T,? super Throwable> action)
    public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer<? super T,? super Throwable> action)
    public CompletableFuture<T> whenCompleteAsync(BiConsumer<? super T,? super Throwable> action, Executor executor)
    // 只有发生了异常才执行
    public CompletableFuture<T> exceptionally(Function<Throwable,? extends T> fn);
    
    // 3、当一个线程依赖另一个线程时,可以使用 thenApply 方法来把这两个线程串行化。
    // T:上一个任务返回结果的类型
    // U:当前任务的返回值类型
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApply(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn)
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn)
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenApplyAsync(Function<? super T,? extends U> fn, Executor executor)    

    // 4、执行任务完成时对结果的处理。
    // handle 方法和 thenApply 方法处理方式基本一样。不同的是 handle 是在任务完成后再执行,还可以处理异常的任务。thenApply 只可以执行正常的任务,任务出现异常则不执行 thenApply 方法。
    public <U> CompletionStage<U> handle(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn);
    public <U> CompletionStage<U> handleAsync(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn);
    public <U> CompletionStage<U> handleAsync(BiFunction<? super T, Throwable, ? extends U> fn,Executor executor);        
    
    // 5、接收任务的处理结果,并消费处理,无返回结果。
    public CompletionStage<Void> thenAccept(Consumer<? super T> action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> thenAcceptAsync(Consumer<? super T> action,Executor executor);    
    
    // 6、跟 thenAccept 方法不一样的是,不关心任务的处理结果。只要上面的任务执行完成,就开始执行 thenAccept 。
    public CompletionStage<Void> thenRun(Runnable action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> thenRunAsync(Runnable action,Executor executor);
    
    // 7、合并任务
    public <U,V> CompletionStage<V> thenCombine(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn);
	public <U,V> CompletionStage<V> thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn);
	public <U,V> CompletionStage<V> thenCombineAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn,Executor executor);
    
    // 8、当两个CompletionStage都执行完成后,把结果一块交给thenAcceptBoth来进行消费
    public <U> CompletionStage<Void> thenAcceptBoth(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action);
	public <U> CompletionStage<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action);
	public <U> CompletionStage<Void> thenAcceptBothAsync(CompletionStage<? extends U> other,BiConsumer<? super T, ? super U> action, Executor executor);
    
    // 9、两个CompletionStage,谁执行返回的结果快,我就用那个CompletionStage的结果进行下一步的转化操作。
    public <U> CompletionStage<U> applyToEither(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,Function<? super T, U> fn);
	public <U> CompletionStage<U> applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,Function<? super T, U> fn);
	public <U> CompletionStage<U> applyToEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,Function<? super T, U> fn,Executor executor);
    
	// 10、两个CompletionStage,谁执行返回的结果快,我就用那个CompletionStage的结果进行下一步的消耗操作。
    public CompletionStage<Void> acceptEither(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,Consumer<? super T> action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,Consumer<? super T> action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> acceptEitherAsync(CompletionStage<? extends T> other,Consumer<? super T> action,Executor executor);
    
    // 11、两个CompletionStage,任何一个完成了都会执行下一步的操作(Runnable)
    public CompletionStage<Void> runAfterEither(CompletionStage<?> other,Runnable action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,Runnable action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> runAfterEitherAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,Runnable action,Executor executor);
    
    // 12、两个CompletionStage,都完成了计算才会执行下一步的操作(Runnable)
    public CompletionStage<Void> runAfterBoth(CompletionStage<?> other,Runnable action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,Runnable action);
    public CompletionStage<Void> runAfterBothAsync(CompletionStage<?> other,Runnable action,Executor executor);
    
    // 13、thenCompose 方法允许你对两个 CompletionStage 进行流水线操作,第一个操作完成时,将其结果作为参数传递给第二个操作。
    public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenCompose(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn);
	public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn) ;
	public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync(Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn, Executor executor);
    
    // 14、allOf 可以把多个任务都完成之后执行
    public static CompletableFuture<Void> allOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs);
    
    // 15、anyOf多个任务中有一个任务完成就执行:只有其中的一个值
    public static CompletableFuture<Object> anyOf(CompletableFuture<?>... cfs);
}
示例

```java
package com.qiqitrue.java.juc;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: laiqi
 * @created: 2020-09-24 19:57
 */
public class CompletableFutureExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//        handle();

//        then();
//        runAfterBothAsync();
//        runAfterEitherAsync();
        allOf();
    }


    /**
     * 1、创建异步对象:无返回值的线程
     */
    public static void runAsync() {
        System.out.println("主线程开始");
        CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程开始..");
            int a = 10 / 2;
            System.out.println("线程结束..");
        });
        System.out.println("主线程退出");
    }

    /**
     * 1、创建异步对象:有返回值的线程
     *
     * @throws ExecutionException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static void supplyAsync() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("主线程开始");
        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程开始..");
            int a = 10 / 2;
            System.out.println("线程结束..");
            return a;
        });
        Integer integer = completableFuture.get();
        System.out.println("主线程退出");
    }

    /**
     * 完成时回调执行:
     * 1、whenComplete:异步线程执行完毕就执行
     * 2、exceptionally:只有发生了异常才执行
     *
     * @throws ExecutionException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static void whenComplete() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("主线程开始");
        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程开始..");
            int a = 10 / 2;
            System.out.println("线程结束..");
            return a;
        }).whenComplete((integer, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println("我是whenComplete()方法:异步线程执行完毕之后就轮到我执行了,我可以获取返回值及异常信息,不能修改返回结果");
        }).exceptionally(throwable -> {
            System.out.println("我是exceptionally()方法:我只有在发生异常才会执行并返回出错时提供默认结果");
            return 0;
        });
        Integer integer = completableFuture.get();
        System.out.println("线程执行完毕返回值:" + integer);
        System.out.println("主线程退出");
    }

    /**
     * 完成时回调执行:
     * handle:
     * 当有异常时:whenComplete-->exceptionally-->handle
     * 当无异常时:whenComplete-->handle
     *
     * @throws ExecutionException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static void handle() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("主线程开始");
        CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程开始..");
            int a = 10 / 2;
            System.out.println("线程结束..");
            return a;
        }).whenComplete((integer, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println("我是whenComplete()方法:异步线程执行完毕之后就轮到我执行了,我可以获取返回值及异常信息,不能修改返回结果");
        }).exceptionally(throwable -> {
            System.out.println("我是exceptionally()方法:我只有在发生异常才会执行并返回出错时提供默认结果");
            return 0;
        }).handle((integer, throwable) -> {
            System.out.println("我是handle()方法:我可以获取返回值及异常信息,并且可以修改返回结果");
            return 1;
        });
        Integer integer = completableFuture.get();
        System.out.println("线程执行完毕返回值:" + integer);
        System.out.println("主线程退出");
    }


    /**
     * 线程串行化
     * thenRunAsync:不可以接收前面的,自己不能有返回值
     * thenAcceptAsync:可以接收前面的返回值,自己不能有返回值
     * thenApplyAsync:可以接收前面的返回值,自己也需要返回值
     *
     * @throws ExecutionException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static void then() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        String result = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程A执行完毕");
            return "A";
        }).thenRunAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("线程B执行完毕,我是没有返回值的");
        }).thenAcceptAsync(unused -> {
            System.out.println("线程C执行完毕,获取上个线程执行的返回值 = " + unused);
        }).thenApplyAsync(unused -> {
            System.out.println("线程D执行完毕,获取上个线程执行的返回值 = " + unused);
            return "D";
        }).thenApplyAsync(unused -> {
            System.out.println("线程E执行完毕,获取上个线程执行的返回值 = " + unused);
            return "E";
        }).get();
        System.out.println("result = " + result);
    }


    /**
     * 两任务组合-都要完成
     *
     * @throws ExecutionException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static void runAfterBothAsync() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        // 异步任务一:返回1
        CompletableFuture<Integer> supplyAsync1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("异步任务一");
            return 1;
        });
        // 异步任务二:返回2
        CompletableFuture<Integer> supplyAsync2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("异步任务二");
            return 2;
        });

//        // runAfterBothAsync:表示需要两个任务都执行完,才触发任务;但是不能接收前面任务的返回值,自己也不需要返回值
//        supplyAsync1.runAfterBothAsync(supplyAsync2, () -> {
//            System.out.println("runAfterBothAsync:需要异步任务一、异步任务二都执行之后我才执行;但是不能接收前面任务的返回值,自己也不需要返回值");
//        });

        // runAfterBothAsync:表示需要两个任务都执行完,才触发任务;可以接收前面任务的返回值,自己也不需要返回值
//        supplyAsync1.thenAcceptBothAsync(supplyAsync2, (integer, integer2) -> {
//            System.out.println("thenAcceptBothAsync:需要异步任务一、异步任务二都执行之后我才执行;可以接收前面任务的返回值,【任务一:"+integer+",任务二:"+integer2+"】,自己也不需要返回值");
//        });

        // thenCombineAsync:表示需要两个任务都执行完,才触发任务;可以接收前面任务的返回值,自己也需要返回值
        supplyAsync1.thenCombineAsync(supplyAsync2, (integer, integer2) -> {
            System.out.println("thenAcceptBothAsync:需要异步任务一、异步任务二都执行之后我才执行;可以接收前面任务的返回值,【任务一:" + integer + ",任务二:" + integer2 + "】,自己也不需要返回值");
            return integer + integer2;
        });
    }

    /**
     * 两任务组合-两个任务中有一个任务完成就执行
     *
     * @throws ExecutionException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static void runAfterEitherAsync() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        // 异步任务一:返回1
        CompletableFuture<Integer> supplyAsync1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("异步任务一");
            return 1;
        });
        // 异步任务二:返回2
        CompletableFuture<Integer> supplyAsync2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            try {
                // 为了效果明显起见,增加下任务二慢点执行
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("异步任务二");
            return 2;
        });

//        // runAfterEitherAsync:表示两个任务其一执行完就触发任务;但是不能接收前面任务的返回值,自己也不需要返回值
//        supplyAsync1.runAfterEitherAsync(supplyAsync2, () -> {
//            System.out.println("runAfterEitherAsync:需要异步任务一、异步任务二其中一个我就可以执行;但是不能接收前面任务的返回值,自己也不需要返回值");
//        });

//        // acceptEitherAsync:表示两个任务其一执行完就触发任务;可以接收前面任务的返回值,自己也需要返回值
//        supplyAsync1.acceptEitherAsync(supplyAsync2, integer -> {
//            System.out.println("acceptEitherAsync:需要异步任务一、异步任务二其中一个我就可以执行;可以接收前面任务的返回值,自己也不需要返回值,前面值:" + integer);
//        });

        // applyToEitherAsync:表示两个任务其一执行完就触发任务;可以接收前面任务的返回值,自己也需要返回值
        supplyAsync1.applyToEitherAsync(supplyAsync2, integer -> {
            System.out.println("applyToEitherAsync:需要异步任务一、异步任务二其中一个我就可以执行;可以接收前面任务的返回值,自己也需要返回值,前面值:" + integer);
            return 1 + integer;
        });
    }


    /**
     * 多个任务全部都执行完
     * allOf:全部都执行
     * anyOf: 执行完任一个就行
     *
     * @throws ExecutionException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static void allOf() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        CompletableFuture<String> supplyAsyncA = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("异步任务一");
            return "A";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> supplyAsyncB = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("异步任务二");
            return "B";
        });

        CompletableFuture<String> supplyAsyncC = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
            System.out.println("异步任务三");
            return "C";
        });

//        // allOf可以把多个任务都完成之后执行
//        final CompletableFuture<Void> allOf = CompletableFuture.allOf(supplyAsyncA, supplyAsyncB, supplyAsyncC);
//        // 阻塞等待
//        allOf.get();
//        System.out.println("异步任务一结果:" + supplyAsyncA.get());
//        System.out.println("异步任务二结果:" + supplyAsyncB.get());
//        System.out.println("异步任务三结果:" + supplyAsyncC.get());

        // anyOf多个任务中有一个任务完成就执行:只有其中的一个值
        final CompletableFuture<Object> anyOf = CompletableFuture.anyOf(supplyAsyncA, supplyAsyncB, supplyAsyncC);
        // 阻塞等待
        final Object rsult = anyOf.get();
        System.out.println("获取:" + rsult);
    }

}
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