#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <deque>
template <typename T, template <typename ELEM, typename = std::allocator<ELEM>> class CONT = std::deque>
class Stack
{
private:
CONT<T> elems; // elements
public:
void push(T const&); // push element
void pop(); // pop element
T top() const; // return top element
bool empty() const
{ // return whether the stack is empty
return elems.empty();
}
// assign stack of elements of type T2
template<typename T2, template <typename ELEM2, typename = std::allocator<ELEM2> > class CONT2>
Stack<T, CONT>& operator= (Stack<T2, CONT2> const&);
};
template <typename T, template <typename, typename> class CONT>
void Stack<T, CONT>::push(T const& elem)
{
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem
}
template<typename T, template <typename, typename> class CONT>
void Stack<T, CONT>::pop()
{
if (elems.empty())
{
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");
}
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element
}
template <typename T, template <typename, typename> class CONT>
T Stack<T, CONT>::top() const
{
if (elems.empty())
{
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");
}
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element
}
template <typename T, template <typename, typename> class CONT>
template <typename T2, template <typename, typename> class CONT2>
Stack<T, CONT>&
Stack<T, CONT>::operator= (Stack<T2, CONT2> const& op2)
{
if ((void*)this == (void*)&op2) { // assignment to itself?
return *this;
}
Stack<T2, CONT2> tmp(op2); // create a copy of the assigned stack
elems.clear(); // remove existing elements
while (!tmp.empty())
{ // copy all elements
elems.push_front(tmp.top());
tmp.pop();
}
return *this;
}
int main()
{
try {
Stack<int> intStack; // stack of ints
Stack<float> floatStack; // stack of floats
// manipulate int stack
intStack.push(42);
intStack.push(7);
// manipulate float stack
floatStack.push(7.7);
// assign stacks of different type
floatStack = intStack;
// print float stack
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;
floatStack.pop();
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;
floatStack.pop();
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;
floatStack.pop();
}
catch (std::exception const& ex) {
std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
}
// stack for ints using a vector as an internal container
Stack<int, std::vector> vStack;
//...
vStack.push(42);
vStack.push(7);
std::cout << vStack.top() << std::endl;
vStack.pop();
}
template template parameter
最新推荐文章于 2022-06-27 22:22:10 发布