Java代码可拓展性简单示例

一个简单的媒体库，可以往里添加CD，DVD，Game等对象

• Database类
• Item类
• CD类
• DVD类

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结构

类名	变量和方法
CD类	变量：title, director, playingTime, comment，artist， numofTracks ，gotIt
	方法：add（添加数据），list（输出数据）
DVD类	变量：title, director, playingTime, comment，director，gotIt；
	方法：add（添加数据），list（输出数据）
抽象出 Item 类	变量：title, gotIt, playingTime, comment
	方法：add（添加数据），list（输出数据）

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Database类

package dome;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Database {

    private ArrayList<Item> listItem = new ArrayList<Item>();

    public void add(Item item) {
        listItem.add(item);
    }

    public void list() {
        for(Item item : listItem) {
            item.print();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Database db = new Database();
        db.add(new CD("陈奕迅", "ac", 4, 23, "..."));
        db.add(new CD("许巍", "ac", 3, 23, "..."));
        db.add(new DVD("肖申克的救赎","bbdasfb",3,"..."));
        db.add(new DVD("辛德勒名单","bbdfb",4,",,,,"));
        db.add(new DVD("哈哈哈","b大b",5,",,,,"));
        db.list();
    }
}

Item类

package dome;
public class Item {
    protected String title;
    protected int playingTime;
    private boolean gotIt = false;
    protected String comment;

    public Item(String title, int playingTime, boolean gotIt, String comment) {
        super();
        this.playingTime = playingTime;
        this.gotIt = gotIt;
        this.comment = comment;
    }

    public Item(){ }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    public void print() {

    }
}

CD类

package dome;

public class CD extends Item{

    private String artist;
    private int numofTracks;

    public CD(String title, String artist, int numofTracks, int playingTime,
            String comment) {
        super();
        this.title = title;
        this.artist = artist;
        this.numofTracks = numofTracks;
        this.playingTime = playingTime;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    public void print() {
        System.out.println("CD: "+title + artist+ numofTracks+playingTime+"....");  
    }

}

DVD类

package dome; 

public class DVD  extends Item{
    private String director;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    public DVD(String title, String director, int playingTime, String comment) {
        super();
        this.title = title;
        this.director = director;
        this.playingTime = playingTime;
        this.comment = comment;
    }

    public void print() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.print();
        System.out.println("DVD: "+title+director+playingTime+",,,");
    }
}

把CD和DVD中，共同的属性或者方法，拿出来封装成一个类，如果需要使用这些方法或者属性，直接继承即可。特别是如果再新加入一个媒体，比如说Game。如果不把这些共同方法和属性抽象出来，每次新加入一种媒体，都需要重新定义这个媒体的属性和方法，多数情况下，这些属性或者方法会有重复的。通过抽象出一个基类，代码的可扩展性强，便于维护。