/*
* Low-level CPU initialisation
* Based on arch/arm/kernel/head.S
*
* Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Russell King
* Copyright (C) 2003-2012 ARM Ltd.
* Authors: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
* Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/#include <linux/linkage.h>#include <linux/init.h>#include <asm/assembler.h>#include <asm/ptrace.h>#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>#include <asm/cputype.h>#include <asm/memory.h>#include <asm/thread_info.h>#include <asm/pgtable-hwdef.h>#include <asm/pgtable.h>#include <asm/page.h>#include <asm/virt.h>/*
* swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table. We place
* the page tables 3 * PAGE_SIZE below KERNEL_RAM_VADDR. The idmap_pg_dir has
* 2 pages and is placed below swapper_pg_dir.
*/#define KERNEL_RAM_VADDR (PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET)#if (KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xfffff) != 0x80000#error KERNEL_RAM_VADDR must start at 0xXXX80000#endif#define SWAPPER_DIR_SIZE (3 * PAGE_SIZE)#define IDMAP_DIR_SIZE (2 * PAGE_SIZE).globl swapper_pg_dir
.equ swapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_VADDR - SWAPPER_DIR_SIZE
.globl idmap_pg_dir
.equ idmap_pg_dir, swapper_pg_dir - IDMAP_DIR_SIZE
.macro pgtbl, ttb0, ttb1, phys
add \ttb1, \phys, #TEXT_OFFSET - SWAPPER_DIR_SIZEsub \ttb0, \ttb1, #IDMAP_DIR_SIZE.endm#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_64K_PAGES#define BLOCK_SHIFT PAGE_SHIFT#define BLOCK_SIZE PAGE_SIZE#else#define BLOCK_SHIFT SECTION_SHIFT#define BLOCK_SIZE SECTION_SIZE#endif#define KERNEL_START KERNEL_RAM_VADDR#define KERNEL_END _end/*
* Initial memory map attributes.
*/#ifndef CONFIG_SMP#define PTE_FLAGS PTE_TYPE_PAGE | PTE_AF#define PMD_FLAGS PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_AF#else#define PTE_FLAGS PTE_TYPE_PAGE | PTE_AF | PTE_SHARED#define PMD_FLAGS PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_AF | PMD_SECT_S#endif#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_64K_PAGES#define MM_MMUFLAGS PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL) | PTE_FLAGS#else#define MM_MMUFLAGS PMD_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL) | PMD_FLAGS#endif/*
* Kernel startup entry point.
* ---------------------------
*
* The requirements are:
* MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = on or off,
* x0 = physical address to the FDT blob.
*
* This code is mostly position independent so you call this at
* __pa(PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET).
*
* Note that the callee-saved registers are used for storing variables
* that are useful before the MMU is enabled. The allocations are described
* in the entry routines.
*/
__HEAD
/*
* DO NOT MODIFY. Image header expected by Linux boot-loaders.
*/
b stext // branch to kernel start, magic
.long0 // reserved
.quad _kernel_offset_le // Image load offset from start of RAM, little-endian
.quad _kernel_size_le // Effective size of kernel image, little-endian
.quad _kernel_flags_le // Informative flags, little-endian
.quad0 // reserved
.quad0 // reserved
.quad0 // reserved
.byte0x41 // Magic number, "ARM\x64".byte0x52.byte0x4d.byte0x64.word0 // reserved
ENTRY(stext)
mov x21, x0 // x21=FDT
bl el2_setup // Drop to EL1, w20=cpu_boot_mode
bl __calc_phys_offset // x24=PHYS_OFFSET, x28=PHYS_OFFSET-PAGE_OFFSET
bl set_cpu_boot_mode_flag
mrs x22, midr_el1 // x22=cpuid
mov x0, x22
bl lookup_processor_type
mov x23, x0 // x23=current cpu_table
cbz x23, __error_p // invalid processor (x23=0)?
bl __vet_fdt
bl __create_page_tables // x25=TTBR0, x26=TTBR1
/*
* The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent
* manner. See arch/arm64/mm/proc.S for details. x23 = base of
* cpu_info structure selected by lookup_processor_type above.
* On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be turned on and
* the TCR will have been set.
*/
ldr x27, __switch_data // address to jump to after
// MMU has been enabled
adr lr, __enable_mmu // return (PIC) address
ldr x12, [x23, #CPU_INFO_SETUP]add x12, x12, x28 // __virt_to_phys
br x12 // initialise processor
ENDPROC(stext)
/*
* If we're fortunate enough to boot at EL2, ensure that the world is
* sane before dropping to EL1.
*
* Returns either BOOT_CPU_MODE_EL1 or BOOT_CPU_MODE_EL2 in x20 if
* booted in EL1 or EL2 respectively.
*/
ENTRY(el2_setup)
mrs x0, CurrentEL
cmp x0, #PSR_MODE_EL2t
ccmp x0, #PSR_MODE_EL2h, #0x4, ne
b.ne1f
mrs x0, sctlr_el2
CPU_BE( orr x0, x0, #(1 << 25) ) // Set the EE bit for EL2
CPU_LE( bic x0, x0, #(1 << 25) ) // Clear the EE bit for EL2
msr sctlr_el2, x0
b 2f
1: mrs x0, sctlr_el1
CPU_BE( orr x0, x0, #(3 << 24) ) // Set the EE and E0E bits for EL1
CPU_LE( bic x0, x0, #(3 << 24) ) // Clear the EE and E0E bits for EL1
msr sctlr_el1, x0
mov w20, #BOOT_CPU_MODE_EL1 // This cpu booted in EL1
isb
ret/* Hyp configuration. */2: mov x0, #(1 << 31) // 64-bit EL1
msr hcr_el2, x0
/* Generic timers. */
mrs x0, cnthctl_el2
orr x0, x0, #3 // Enable EL1 physical timers
msr cnthctl_el2, x0
msr cntvoff_el2, xzr // Clear virtual offset
/* Populate ID registers. */
mrs x0, midr_el1
mrs x1, mpidr_el1
msr vpidr_el2, x0
msr vmpidr_el2, x1
/* sctlr_el1 */mov x0, #0x0800 // Set/clear RES{1,0} bits
CPU_BE( movk x0, #0x33d0, lsl #16 ) // Set EE and E0E on BE systems
CPU_LE( movk x0, #0x30d0, lsl #16 ) // Clear EE and E0E on LE systems
msr sctlr_el1, x0
/* Coprocessor traps. */mov x0, #0x33ff
msr cptr_el2, x0 // Disable copro. traps to EL2
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
msr hstr_el2, xzr // Disable CP15 traps to EL2
#endif/* Stage-2 translation */
msr vttbr_el2, xzr
/* Hypervisor stub */
adr x0, __hyp_stub_vectors
msr vbar_el2, x0
/* spsr */mov x0, #(PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | PSR_A_BIT | PSR_D_BIT |\
PSR_MODE_EL1h)
msr spsr_el2, x0
msr elr_el2, lr
mov w20, #BOOT_CPU_MODE_EL2 // This CPU booted in EL2
eret
ENDPROC(el2_setup)
/*
* Sets the __boot_cpu_mode flag depending on the CPU boot mode passed
* in x20. See arch/arm64/include/asm/virt.h for more info.
*/
ENTRY(set_cpu_boot_mode_flag)
ldr x1, =__boot_cpu_mode // Compute __boot_cpu_mode
add x1, x1, x28
cmp w20, #BOOT_CPU_MODE_EL2
b.ne1f
add x1, x1, #41: str w20, [x1] // This CPU has booted in EL1
ret
ENDPROC(set_cpu_boot_mode_flag)
/*
* We need to find out the CPU boot mode long after boot, so we need to
* store it in a writable variable.
*
* This is not in .bss, because we set it sufficiently early that the boot-time
* zeroing of .bss would clobber it.
*/.pushsection.data
ENTRY(__boot_cpu_mode)
.long BOOT_CPU_MODE_EL2
.long0.popsection.align32: .quad .
.quad PAGE_OFFSET
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP.align31: .quad .
.quad secondary_holding_pen_release
/*
* This provides a "holding pen" for platforms to hold all secondary
* cores are held until we're ready for them to initialise.
*/
ENTRY(secondary_holding_pen)
bl el2_setup // Drop to EL1, w20=cpu_boot_mode
bl __calc_phys_offset // x24=PHYS_OFFSET, x28=PHYS_OFFSET-PAGE_OFFSET
bl set_cpu_boot_mode_flag
mrs x0, mpidr_el1
ldr x1, =MPIDR_HWID_BITMASK
and x0, x0, x1
adr x1, 1b
ldp x2, x3, [x1]
sub x1, x1, x2
add x3, x3, x1
pen: ldr x4, [x3]
cmp x4, x0
b.eq secondary_startup
wfe
b pen
ENDPROC(secondary_holding_pen)
/*
* Secondary entry point that jumps straight into the kernel. Only to
* be used where CPUs are brought online dynamically by the kernel.
*/
ENTRY(secondary_entry)
bl el2_setup // Drop to EL1
bl __calc_phys_offset // x24=PHYS_OFFSET, x28=PHYS_OFFSET-PAGE_OFFSET
bl set_cpu_boot_mode_flag
b secondary_startup
ENDPROC(secondary_entry)
ENTRY(secondary_startup)
/*
* Common entry point for secondary CPUs.
*/
mrs x22, midr_el1 // x22=cpuid
mov x0, x22
bl lookup_processor_type
mov x23, x0 // x23=current cpu_table
cbz x23, __error_p // invalid processor (x23=0)?
pgtbl x25, x26, x24 // x25=TTBR0, x26=TTBR1
ldr x12, [x23, #CPU_INFO_SETUP]add x12, x12, x28 // __virt_to_phys
blr x12 // initialise processor
ldr x21, =secondary_data
ldr x27, =__secondary_switched // address to jump to after enabling the MMU
b __enable_mmu
ENDPROC(secondary_startup)
ENTRY(__secondary_switched)
ldr x0, [x21] // get secondary_data.stackmov sp, x0
mov x29, #0
b secondary_start_kernel
ENDPROC(__secondary_switched)
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP *//*
* Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially this is just
* loading the page table pointer and vector base registers.
*
* On entry to this code, x0 must contain the SCTLR_EL1 value for turning on
* the MMU.
*/__enable_mmu:
ldr x5, =vectors
msr vbar_el1, x5
msr ttbr0_el1, x25 // load TTBR0
msr ttbr1_el1, x26 // load TTBR1
isb
b __turn_mmu_on
ENDPROC(__enable_mmu)
/*
* Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible memory
* space. You will not be able to trace execution through this.
*
* x0 = system control register
* x27 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
*
* other registers depend on the function called upon completion
*/.align6__turn_mmu_on:
msr sctlr_el1, x0
isb
br x27
ENDPROC(__turn_mmu_on)
/*
* Calculate the start of physical memory.
*/__calc_phys_offset:
adr x0, 1f
ldp x1, x2, [x0]
sub x28, x0, x1 // x28 = PHYS_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET
add x24, x2, x28 // x24 = PHYS_OFFSET
ret
ENDPROC(__calc_phys_offset)
.align31: .quad .
.quad PAGE_OFFSET
/*
* Macro to populate the PGD for the corresponding block entry in the next
* level (tbl) for the given virtual address.
*
* Preserves: pgd, tbl, virt
* Corrupts: tmp1, tmp2
*/.macro create_pgd_entry, pgd, tbl, virt, tmp1, tmp2
lsr \tmp1, \virt, #PGDIR_SHIFTand \tmp1, \tmp1, #PTRS_PER_PGD - 1 // PGD index
orr \tmp2, \tbl, #3 // PGD entry table type
str \tmp2, [\pgd, \tmp1, lsl#3].endm/*
* Macro to populate block entries in the page table for the start..end
* virtual range (inclusive).
*
* Preserves: tbl, flags
* Corrupts: phys, start, end, pstate
*/.macro create_block_map, tbl, flags, phys, start, end, idmap=0lsr \phys, \phys, #BLOCK_SHIFT.if \idmap
and \start, \phys, #PTRS_PER_PTE - 1 // table index.elselsr \start, \start, #BLOCK_SHIFTand \start, \start, #PTRS_PER_PTE - 1 // table index.endif
orr \phys, \flags, \phys, lsl#BLOCK_SHIFT // table entry.ifnc \start,\end
lsr \end, \end, #BLOCK_SHIFTand \end, \end, #PTRS_PER_PTE - 1 // table end index.endif9999: str \phys, [\tbl, \start, lsl#3] // store the entry.ifnc \start,\end
add \start, \start, #1 // next entryadd \phys, \phys, #BLOCK_SIZE // next block
cmp \start, \end
b.ls9999b
.endif.endm/*
* Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest amount which is
* required to get the kernel running. The following sections are required:
* - identity mapping to enable the MMU (low address, TTBR0)
* - first few MB of the kernel linear mapping to jump to once the MMU has
* been enabled, including the FDT blob (TTBR1)
* - UART mapping if CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK is enabled (TTBR1)
*/__create_page_tables:
pgtbl x25, x26, x24 // idmap_pg_dir and swapper_pg_dir addresses
/*
* Clear the idmap and swapper page tables.
*/mov x0, x25
add x6, x26, #SWAPPER_DIR_SIZE1: stp xzr, xzr, [x0], #16
stp xzr, xzr, [x0], #16
stp xzr, xzr, [x0], #16
stp xzr, xzr, [x0], #16
cmp x0, x6
b.lo1b
ldr x7, =MM_MMUFLAGS
/*
* Create the identity mapping.
*/add x0, x25, #PAGE_SIZE // section table address
adr x3, __turn_mmu_on // virtual/physical address
create_pgd_entry x25, x0, x3, x5, x6
create_block_map x0, x7, x3, x5, x5, idmap=1/*
* Map the kernel image (starting with PHYS_OFFSET).
*/add x0, x26, #PAGE_SIZE // section table addressmov x5, #PAGE_OFFSET
create_pgd_entry x26, x0, x5, x3, x6
ldr x6, =KERNEL_END - 1mov x3, x24 // phys offset
create_block_map x0, x7, x3, x5, x6
/*
* Map the FDT blob (maximum 2MB; must be within 512MB of
* PHYS_OFFSET).
*/mov x3, x21 // FDT phys address
and x3, x3, #~((1 << 21) - 1) // 2MB alignedmov x6, #PAGE_OFFSETsub x5, x3, x24 // subtract PHYS_OFFSET
tst x5, #~((1 << 29) - 1) // within 512MB?
csel x21, xzr, x21, ne // zero the FDT pointer
b.ne1f
add x5, x5, x6 // __va(FDT blob)
add x6, x5, #1 << 21 // 2MB for the FDT blobsub x6, x6, #1 // inclusive range
create_block_map x0, x7, x3, x5, x6
1:
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK/*
* Create the pgd entry for the UART mapping. The full mapping is done
* later based earlyprintk kernel parameter.
*/
ldr x5, =EARLYCON_IOBASE // UART virtual address
add x0, x26, #2 * PAGE_SIZE // section table address
create_pgd_entry x26, x0, x5, x6, x7
#endifret
ENDPROC(__create_page_tables)
.ltorg.align3.type __switch_data, %object
__switch_data:.quad __mmap_switched
.quad __bss_start // x6
.quad _end // x7
.quad processor_id // x4
.quad __fdt_pointer // x5
.quad memstart_addr // x6
.quad init_thread_union + THREAD_START_SP // sp
/*
* The following fragment of code is executed with the MMU on in MMU mode, and
* uses absolute addresses; this is not position independent.
*/__mmap_switched:
adr x3, __switch_data + 8
ldp x6, x7, [x3], #161: cmp x6, x7
b.hs2f
str xzr, [x6], #8 // Clear BSS
b 1b
2:
ldp x4, x5, [x3], #16
ldr x6, [x3], #8
ldr x16, [x3]
mov sp, x16
str x22, [x4] // Save processor ID
str x21, [x5] // Save FDT pointer
str x24, [x6] // Save PHYS_OFFSET
mov x29, #0
b start_kernel
ENDPROC(__mmap_switched)
/*
* Exception handling. Something went wrong and we can't proceed. We ought to
* tell the user, but since we don't have any guarantee that we're even
* running on the right architecture, we do virtually nothing.
*/__error_p:
ENDPROC(__error_p)
__error:1: nop
b 1b
ENDPROC(__error)
/*
* This function gets the processor ID in w0 and searches the cpu_table[] for
* a match. It returns a pointer to the struct cpu_info it found. The
* cpu_table[] must end with an empty (all zeros) structure.
*
* This routine can be called via C code and it needs to work with the MMU
* both disabled and enabled (the offset is calculated automatically).
*/
ENTRY(lookup_processor_type)
adr x1, __lookup_processor_type_data
ldp x2, x3, [x1]
sub x1, x1, x2 // get offset between VA and PA
add x3, x3, x1 // convert VA to PA
1:
ldp w5, w6, [x3] // load cpu_id_val and cpu_id_mask
cbz w5, 2f // end of list?
and w6, w6, w0
cmp w5, w6
b.eq3f
add x3, x3, #CPU_INFO_SZ
b 1b
2:
mov x3, #0 // unknown processor3:
mov x0, x3
ret
ENDPROC(lookup_processor_type)
.align3.type __lookup_processor_type_data, %object
__lookup_processor_type_data:.quad .
.quad cpu_table
.size __lookup_processor_type_data, . - __lookup_processor_type_data
/*
* Determine validity of the x21 FDT pointer.
* The dtb must be 8-byte aligned and live in the first 512M of memory.
*/__vet_fdt:tst x21, #0x7
b.ne1f
cmp x21, x24
b.lt1f
mov x0, #(1 << 29)add x0, x0, x24
cmp x21, x0
b.ge1f
ret1:
mov x21, #0ret
ENDPROC(__vet_fdt)
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