二进制和文本模式打开一个文件



With the mode specifiers above the file is open as a text file. In order to open a file as a binary file, a "b" character has to be included in the mode string. This additional "b" character can either be appended at the end of the string (thus making the following compound modes: "rb", "wb", "ab", "r+b", "w+b", "a+b") or be inserted between the letter and the "+" sign for the mixed modes ("rb+", "wb+", "ab+").

如果要打开一个二进制文件，需要加b，在文本打开模式基础上，类似如下方式 "rb", "wb", "ab", "r+b", "w+b", "a+b"或者是"rb+", "wb+", "ab+"

Additional characters may follow the sequence, although they should have no effect. For example, "t" is sometimes appended to make explicit the file is a text file.
In the case of text files, depending on the environment where the application runs, some special character conversion may occur in input/output operations to adapt them to a system-specific text file format. In many environments, such as most UNIX-based systems, it makes no difference to open a file as a text file or a binary file; Both are treated exactly the same way, but differentiation is recommended for a better portability.
For the modes where both read and writing (or appending) are allowed (those which include a "+" sign), the stream should be flushed (fflush) or repositioned (fseek, fsetpos, rewind) between either a reading operation followed by a writing operation or a writing operation followed by a reading operation.

在许多环境中，如大多数基于UNIX的系统，文件以文本或二进制打开是没有区别的；两者都以完全相同的方式处理，但是差异化被推荐为更好的可移植性。

而在某些环境下如windows会对一些特殊的字符进行转换，导致可能会发生在输入/输出操作

读写文件方式 b和不带b在Unix下无差异，但在windows下有差别。

windows下发现的差异：读取一张图片

不带b返回的读取长度不一定等同于实际文件大小，带b后返回实际文件大小