* 重点是:C++联合体中不能包含非基本类型成员变量,原因好像是因为非基本类型存在构造函数(包括默认构造函数)为了避免多层嵌套后结构的安全性*
在 C 语言中,可以在结构体中声明某个联合体(或结构体)而不用指出它的名字,如此之后就可以像使用结构体成员一样直接使用其中联合体(或结构体)的成员。
下面是一段摘录自 msdn 对 anonymous structures 的解释
A Microsoft C extension allows you to declare a structure variable within another structure without giving it a name.
These nested structures are called anonymous structures. C++ does not allow anonymous structures.
You can access the members of an anonymous structure as if they were members in the containing structure.
#include <stdio.h>
struct person
{
char *name;
char gender;
int age;
int weight;
struct
{
int area_code;
long phone_number;
};
};
int main(void)
{
struct person jim = {"jim", 'F', 28, 65, {21, 58545566}};
printf("%d\n", jim.area_code);
}
如果不使用匿名结构体,则上述例子对应的代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
struct phone
{
int area_code;
long phone_number;
};
struct person
{
char *name;
char gender;
int age;
int weight;
struct phone office;
};
int main(void)
{
struct person jim = {"jim", 'F', 28, 65, {21, 58545566}};
printf("%d\n", jim.office.area_code);
}
对比上述两个例子可以看出:
使用匿名结构体,结构体对象 jim 可以通过 jim.area_code 直接访问匿名结构体成员变量 area_code,代码相对比较简洁
反之则必须通过 jim.office.area_code 来访问结构体成员变量
匿名联合体举例如下:
#include <stdio.h>
struct person
{
char *name;
union
{
char gender;
int id;
};
int age;
};
int main(void)
{
struct person jim = {"jim", 'F', 28};
printf("jim.gender = %c, jim.id = %d\n", jim.gender, jim.id);
return 0;
}
如果不适用匿名联合体,那么程序如下:
#include <stdio.h>
union u
{
char gender;
int id;
};
struct person
{
char *name;
union u test;
int age;
};
int main(void)
{
struct person jim = {"jim", 'F', 28};
printf("jim.test.gender = %c, jim.test.id = %d\n", jim.test.gender, jim.test.id);
return 0;
}