C# 3.0新特性系列：隐含类型var



一．神奇的var

　　在C#3.0中增加了一个变量声明var，这个声明和javaScript 的 var类似，但也有不同。

 　　1. 相同点，它可以用var来声明任何类型的局部变量。

 　　2. 不同点，它仅仅负责告诉编译器，该变量需要根据初始化表达式来推断变量的类型，而且只能是局部变量。

 　　二．相同点

 　　它可以声明

var integer = 10;
 var name = "edisundong";
 var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }; 

　　三．不同点

 　　var仅仅是一个关键字，它并不是C#3.0中的一种新的类型，而是负责告诉编译器，该变量需要根据初始化表达式来推断变量的类型，上面的语句相当于

int integer = 10;
 string name = " edisundong ";
 int[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }; 

　　三．注意点

 　　1.在声明时必须同时赋值，因为声明依赖于赋值号右边的表达式，如果有下面的语句：

var integer;
 integer = 10; 

　　编译时会报Implicitly typed locals must be initialized错误。

 　　2.在使用var声明一个局部变量后，它仍然具有强类型，可以做如下测试：

var integer = 10;
 integer = " edisundong "; 

　　编译时会报Cannot implicitly convert type 'string' to 'int'错误。

 　　3. 初始化器表达式的编译期类型不可以是空(null)类型，编译器无法根据null来推断出局部变量的类型，如有下面的语句：

var integer = null; 

　　编译时会报Cannot assign '<null>' to an implicitly typed local错误。

 　　4. 初始化语句必须是一个表达式，初始化表达式不能包含它自身，但是可以是包含一个对象或集合初始化器的一个new表达式(即匿名类型)。

 　　如可以这样去声明：

var coll = new Hashtable(); 

　　5. var的声明仅限于局部变量，也可以包含在foreach、for、using语句中。下面的使用是错误的：

class PRogram
 {
　private var i = 10; //全局私有变量。
 　static void Main(string[] args)
　{ }
 }

　　编译时会报The contextual keyWord 'var' may only appear within a local variable declaratio

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