mysql 主从备份

主从备份

所有对 Master 的操作,都会同步到 Slave 中

mysql5.5之后本身支持主从备份

Master 主库配置

/etc/my.cnf

1. server-id 改为 1

   唯一标识数字必须小于 Slave 唯一标识数字.

2. log_bin 改为 master_log

   log_bin 是日志文件，从库从这个文件中读取sql命令

   log_bin 文件不是必要的，只有在配置主从备份时才是必要的

3. 重启mysql service mysqld restart

4. 创建用户 用于从库slave访问主库

   mysql -uusername -ppassword
   
   grant all privileges on *.* to ‘username’@’ip’ identified by ‘password’ with grant option;
   flush privileges;
   

5. 查看Master信息

   show master status
   

slave 从库配置

1. server-id 改为 1

2. log_bin 可以使用默认配置，也可以注释掉

3. 如果你是将虚拟机复制启动的话，你需要改mysql的物理名称

   默认/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf 文件，随意修改，不建议改变数据长度

4. 重启mysql service mysqld restart

5. 配置 slave

   1. 登录 service mysqld restart

   2. 停止slave stop slave

   3. 配置主库信息

      #ip 是master的ip
      #用户名和你密码 是master提供slave访问的用户名和密码
      #log_file_name 在master中使用 show master status 查看日志名称
      change master to master_host='ip', master_user='username', master_password='password',
      master_log_file='log_file_name';
      

   4. 启动slave start slave

   5. 查看slave配置 show slave status \G;

测试

my.cnf的默认属性

[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8mb4
 
[mysqld]
port = 3306

user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
 
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
 
skip-name-resolve
skip-external-locking
#skip-networking
back_log = 300
 
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
 
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 10
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
 
lower_case_table_names = 1
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
 
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
 
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
 
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
 
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M