android学习之State List

关于listview和button都要改变android原来控件的背景，在网上查找了一些资料不是很全，所以现在总结一下android的selector的用法。

首先android的selector是在drawable/xxx.xml中配置的。

先看一下listview中的状态：

把下面的XML文件保存成你自己命名的.xml文件（比如list_item_bg.xml），在系统使用时根据ListView中的列表项的状态来使用相应的背景图片。

drawable/list_item_bg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <!-- 默认时的背景图片-->

    <item android:drawable="@drawable/pic1" />

    <!-- 没有焦点时的背景图片-->

    <item android:state_window_focused="false" android:drawable="@drawable/pic1" />

    <!-- 非触摸模式下获得焦点并单击时的背景图片-->

    <item android:state_focused="true" android:state_pressed="true"

        android:drawable="@drawable/pic2" />

    <!-- 触摸模式下单击时的背景图片-->

    <item android:state_focused="false" android:state_pressed="true"

        android:drawable="@drawable/pic3" />

    <!--选中时的图片背景-->

    <item android:state_selected="true" android:drawable="@drawable/pic4" />

    <!--获得焦点时的图片背景-->

    <item android:state_focused="true" android:drawable="@drawable/pic5" />

</selector>

　　使用些xml文件：第一种是在listview中配置android:listSelector="@drawable/list_item_bg"

或者在listview的item中添加属性android：background=“@drawable/list_item_bg"即可实现，或者在java代码中使用：Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.list_item_bg); 

       ListView.setSelector(drawable);同样的效果。

但是这样会出现列表有时候为黑的情况，需要加上：android:cacheColorHint="@android:color/transparent"

使其透明。

其次再来看看Button的一些背景效果：

android:state_selected是选中

android:state_focused是获得焦点

android:state_pressed是点击

android:state_enabled是设置是否响应事件,指所有事件

根据这些状态同样可以设置button的selector效果。也可以设置selector改变button中的文字状态。

以下就是配置button中的文字效果：

drawable/button_font.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <item android:state_selected="true" android:color="#FFF" />

    <item android:state_focused="true" android:color="#FFF" />

    <item android:state_pressed="true" android:color="#FFF" />

    <item android:color="#000" />

</selector>

Button还可以实现更复杂的效果，例如渐变啊等等。

drawable/button_color.xml

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <item android:state_pressed="true">

        <!-- 定义当button 处于pressed 状态时的形态。-->

        <shape>

            <gradient android:startColor="#8600ff" />

            <stroke android:width="2dp" android:color="#000000" />

            <corners android:radius="5dp" />

            <padding android:left="10dp" android:top="10dp"

                android:bottom="10dp" android:right="10dp" />

        </shape>

    </item>

    <item android:state_focused="true">

        <!-- 定义当button获得focus时的形态-->

        <shape>

            <gradient android:startColor="#eac100" />

            <stroke android:width="2dp" android:color="#333333" color="#ffffff" />

            <corners android:radius="8dp" />

            <padding android:left="10dp" android:top="10dp"

                android:bottom="10dp" android:right="10dp" />

        </shape>

    </item>

</selector>

　　最后，需要在包含button的xml文件里添加两项。假如是main.xml 文件，我们需要在<Button />里加两项。

     android：focusable="true"

     android:backgroud="@drawable/button_color"

这样当你使用Button的时候就可以甩掉系统自带的那黄颜色的背景了，实现个性化的背景，配合应用的整体布局非常之有用啊

 

State List

---

A StateListDrawable is a drawable object defined in XML that uses a several different images to represent the same graphic, depending on the state of the object. For example, a Button widget can exist in one of several different states (pressed, focused, or niether) and, using a state list drawable, you can provide a different background image for each state.

You can describe the state list in an XML file. Each graphic is represented by an <item> element inside a single <selector> element. Each <item> uses various attributes to describe the state in which it should be used as the graphic for the drawable.

During each state change, the state list is traversed top to bottom and the first item that matches the current state is used—the selection is not based on the "best match," but simply the first item that meets the minimum criteria of the state.

file location:

res/drawable/filename.xml
The filename is used as the resource ID.

compiled resource datatype:

Resource pointer to a StateListDrawable.

resource reference:

In Java: R.drawable.filename
In XML: @[package:]drawable/filename

syntax:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 

    android:constantSize=["true" | "false"] 

    android:dither=["true" | "false"] 

    android:variablePadding=["true" | "false"] > 

    <item 

        android:drawable="@[package:]drawable/drawable_resource" 

        android:state_pressed=["true" | "false"] 

        android:state_focused=["true" | "false"] 

        android:state_hovered=["true" | "false"] 

        android:state_selected=["true" | "false"] 

        android:state_checkable=["true" | "false"] 

        android:state_checked=["true" | "false"] 

        android:state_enabled=["true" | "false"] 

        android:state_activated=["true" | "false"] 

        android:state_window_focused=["true" | "false"] /> 
</selector>

elements:

<selector>

Required. This must be the root element. Contains one or more <item> elements.

attributes:

xmlns:android

String. Required. Defines the XML namespace, which must be "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android".

android:constantSize

Boolean. "true" if the drawable's reported internal size remains constant as the state changes (the size is the maximum of all of the states); "false" if the size varies based on the current state. Default is false.

android:dither

Boolean. "true" to enable dithering of the bitmap if the bitmap does not have the same pixel configuration as the screen (for instance, an ARGB 8888 bitmap with an RGB 565 screen); "false" to disable dithering. Default is true.

android:variablePadding

Boolean. "true" if the drawable's padding should change based on the current state that is selected; "false" if the padding should stay the same (based on the maximum padding of all the states). Enabling this feature requires that you deal with performing layout when the state changes, which is often not supported. Default is false.

<item>

Defines a drawable to use during certain states, as described by its attributes. Must be a child of a <selector> element.

attributes:

android:drawable

Drawable resource. Required. Reference to a drawable resource.

android:state_pressed

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the object is pressed (such as when a button is touched/clicked); "false" if this item should be used in the default, non-pressed state.

android:state_focused

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the object has input focus (such as when the user selects a text input); "false" if this item should be used in the default, non-focused state.

android:state_hovered

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the object is being hovered by a cursor; "false" if this item should be used in the default, non-hovered state. Often, this drawable may be the same drawable used for the "focused" state.

Introduced in API level 14.

android:state_selected

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the object is the current user selection when navigating with a directional control (such as when navigating through a list with a d-pad); "false" if this item should be used when the object is not selected.

The selected state is used when focus (android:state_focused) is not sufficient (such as when list view has focus and an item within it is selected with a d-pad).

android:state_checkable

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the object is checkable; "false" if this item should be used when the object is not checkable. (Only useful if the object can transition between a checkable and non-checkable widget.)

android:state_checked

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the object is checked; "false" if it should be used when the object is un-checked.

android:state_enabled

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the object is enabled (capable of receiving touch/click events); "false" if it should be used when the object is disabled.

android:state_activated

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the object is activated as the persistent selection (such as to "highlight" the previously selected list item in a persistent navigation view); "false" if it should be used when the object is not activated.

Introduced in API level 11.

android:state_window_focused

Boolean. "true" if this item should be used when the application window has focus (the application is in the foreground), "false" if this item should be used when the application window does not have focus (for example, if the notification shade is pulled down or a dialog appears).

Note: Remember that Android applies the first item in the state list that matches the current state of the object. So, if the first item in the list contains none of the state attributes above, then it is applied every time, which is why your default value should always be last (as demonstrated in the following example).

example:

XML file saved at res/drawable/button.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> 

    <item android:state_pressed="true" 

          android:drawable="@drawable/button_pressed" /> <!-- pressed --> 

    <item android:state_focused="true" 

          android:drawable="@drawable/button_focused" /> <!-- focused --> 

    <item android:state_hovered="true" 

          android:drawable="@drawable/button_focused" /> <!-- hovered --> 

    <item android:drawable="@drawable/button_normal" /> <!-- default --> 
</selector>

This layout XML applies the state list drawable to a Button:

<Button 

    android:layout_height="wrap_content" 

    android:layout_width="wrap_content" 

    android:background="@drawable/button" />

see also:

• StateListDrawable