基于Android的框架,Activity是实现前端用户交互的基础框架,Services是实现后台无用户干预逻辑处理的基础框架,如何实现Activity与Services之间的数据交换,是作为Android程序员在开发中经常碰到的需求。
通常情况下,有三种实现技术:
1、广播交互,利用Android系统BroadCast——广播功能,实现这样在不同的Activity、Service以及应用程序之间的数据交换。
2、Messenger交互,基于Android已经实现Messenger功能,实现Activity与Services之间的数据交换。
3、AIDL交互,即本质属于自定义接口交互,其实就是基于 AIDL(Android Interface Definition Language), 即Android接口定义语言,实现Activity与Services之间的数据交换。
关于上述三种技术实现的优劣本文不做比较,我们主要讲解利于 Messenger技术,实现Activity与Service之间的数据交换。
基于Messenger技术的数据交换基本原理如下:
对此,在我们的程序中构造两个Class:MainActivity和MessageService,MainActivity获取到MessageService的消息之后,显示Activity的TextView界面上。两个对象的时序图如下
MainActivity的程序代码如下:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
//用于日志输出的名称
private static String TAG = "MessageActivity";
private TextView tv;
private Messenger sMessenger;
private boolean isConn;
private MainActivity ma;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
this.tv=(TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.Service_Monitor);
this.ma=this;
Log.i(TAG, "----->MainActivity onCreate finished");
//启动Service
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MessageService.class);
bindService(intent,conn,Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
Log.i(TAG, "bindService invoked !");
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
int id = item.getItemId();
if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
//获取服务端传递过来的消息,并显示在TextView上
private Messenger cMessenger = new Messenger(new Handler() {
// 获取Service发送过来的消息进行处理
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Log.i(TAG, "----->Client processes message.");
switch (msg.what) {
case 0:
// 此为示例,仅仅显示获取到的消息
tv.setText(tv.getText() + "\n" + msg.arg1);
break;
}
}
});
//定义Connection,作为启动Services的参数
private ServiceConnection conn=new ServiceConnection(){
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
{
sMessenger = new Messenger(service);
ma.isConn = true;
ma.setTitle("Service is connected.");
Log.i(TAG, "----->ServiceConnection isConn is true");
// 初始化发送给Service的消息,并将cMessenger传递给Service
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.replyTo = cMessenger;
msg.what = 0;
try {
sMessenger.send(msg);
Log.i(TAG, "----->Client sent Message to Service");
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
{
sMessenger=null;
ma.isConn=false;
ma.setTitle("Service is disconnected.");
Log.i(TAG, "----->ServiceConnection isConn is flase");
}
};
}
MessageService的程序代码如下:
public class MessageService extends Service {
//用于日志输出的名称
private static String TAG = "MessageService";
//客户端Messenger
private Messenger cMessenger;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.i(TAG, "------>onBind");
return sMessenger.getBinder();
}
// 定义Handler,重载Handler的消息处理方法
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
// 处理消息内容的具体方法定义
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
// 定义反馈给客户端的消息内容
switch (msg.what) {
case 0:
Message msgFromService=Message.obtain();
msgFromService.what=0;
msgFromService.obj=new String("This is a DEMO of messenger.");
cMessenger = msg.replyTo;
try {
cMessenger.send(msgFromService);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
Log.i(TAG, "---> 获取客户端Messenger成功");
}
super.handleMessage(msg);
break;
}
};
//初始化Messenger,用于消息发送和接收
private Messenger sMessenger= new Messenger(mHandler);
}
AndroidMainfest.xml 文件内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.messageExchange"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="16"
android:targetSdkVersion="22" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.ue.messageclient.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name="com.ue.messageserver.MessageService"></service>
</application>
</manifest>
最后执行显示结果如下: