Android入门笔记 - 界面开发 - Notification, NotificationManager

今天来接触一下android里的通知：

• Notification
• NotificationManager

里面涉及到两个activity，所以又两个layout文件，一个是主程序的，一个是点击通知栏图标之后弹出的activity，直接上代码：

1. res/layout/activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
	
    <TextView 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="点击按钮，发送通知"/>
    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/btn1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button1"/>
    
</LinearLayout>

2. res/layout/activity_notification.xml ：点击通知跳转页面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="通知消息界面"
        android:textSize="30sp" />

</LinearLayout>

3. src/MainActivity.java

package com.example.demoui5_notification;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private Context ctx = this;
	private Button mBtn1;
	private NotificationManager notificationManager;
	private Notification notification;
	private PendingIntent pendingIntent;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
		Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, NotificationActivity.class);
		pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(ctx, 0, intent, 0);
		notification = new Notification();
		
		mBtn1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
		mBtn1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				notification.icon = R.drawable.ic_launcher;
				notification.tickerText = "Button1的通知消息";
				notification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;
				notification.setLatestEventInfo(ctx, "Button1", "Button1通知", pendingIntent);
				notificationManager.notify(0, notification);
			}
		});
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

}

4. src/ NotificationActivity.java

package com.example.demoui5_notification;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class NotificationActivity extends Activity {
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_notification);
	}
}

这个实例很简单，就是点击Button1按钮，然后会在屏幕上方有一个通知，点击通知之后跳转到宁外一个页面。

关键使用到的组件是：NotificationManager 和 Notification， PendingIntent是对Intent的扩展。我们来看一看用法：

notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, NotificationActivity.class);
pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(ctx, 0, intent, 0);
notification = new Notification();
		
mBtn1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
mBtn1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		notification.icon = R.drawable.ic_launcher;
		notification.tickerText = "Button1的通知消息";
		notification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;
		notification.setLatestEventInfo(ctx, "Button1", "Button1通知", pendingIntent);
		notificationManager.notify(0, notification);
	}
});

先通过 getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)得到通知管理者，由于点击通知发送的intent与直接在activity里发送intent是不一样的，所以这里用到了PendingIntent，构造方式如上。 然后就是构造通知对象（Notification），可以设置icon，标题栏显示的文字，声音，以及下拉标题栏时显示的通知样式，还需要将pendingIntent与其绑定。

最后就是manager来notify一个Notification，好了，完成。