python 4-1-1 Linux shell常见的通配符 * ? [a-z] {"a","x"} [!a-z] \

python 4-1-1 Linux shell常见的通配符 * ? [a-z] {“a”,”x”} [!a-z] \

通配符 和 正则表达式是不一样的

“*” 通配符表示 任意字符,而在正则里面表示前一个字符出现的0次或者N次
“？”通配符表示单个字符a-z 0-9,而在正则表达式中表示前面的字符出现0次或者1次

standard Wildcards (globbing patterns)

Standard wildcards (also known as globbing patterns) are used by various command-line utilities to work with multiple files. For more information on standard wildcards (globbing patterns) refer to the manual page by typing:

man 7 glob

    Can be used by: Standard wildcards are used by nearly any command (including mv, cp, rm and many others). 

? (question mark)

    this can represent any single character. If you specified something at the command line like "hd?" GNU/Linux would look for hda, hdb, hdc and every other letter/number between a-z, 0-9.
* (asterisk)

    this can represent any number of characters (including zero, in other words, zero or more characters). If you specified a "cd*" it would use "cda", "cdrom", "cdrecord" and anything that starts with “cd” also including “cd” itself. "m*l" could by mill, mull, ml, and anything that starts with an m and ends with an l.
[ ] (square brackets)

    specifies a range. If you did m[a,o,u]m it can become: mam, mum, mom if you did: m[a-d]m it can become anything that starts and ends with m and has any character a to d inbetween. For example, these would work: mam, mbm, mcm, mdm. This kind of wildcard specifies an “or” relationship (you only need one to match).
{ } (curly brackets)

    terms are separated by commas and each term must be the name of something or a wildcard. This wildcard will copy anything that matches either wildcard(s), or exact name(s) (an “or” relationship, one or the other).

    For example, this would be valid:

    cp {*.doc,*.pdf} ~

    This will copy anything ending with .doc or .pdf to the users home directory. Note that spaces are not allowed after the commas (or anywhere else).
[!]

    This construct is similar to the [ ] construct, except rather than matching any characters inside the brackets, it'll match any character, as long as it is not listed between the [ and ]. This is a logical NOT. For example rm myfile[!9] will remove all myfiles* (ie. myfiles1, myfiles2 etc) but won't remove a file with the number 9 anywhere within it's name.
\ (backslash)

    is used as an "escape" character, i.e. to protect a subsequent special character. Thus, "\\” searches for a backslash. Note you may need to use quotation marks and backslash(es)